Radiation Technology

Course titleSWSECTSTYPE

Anatomy of the Human musculoskeletal System

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1ABEVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 3
Examination character final

Lecture content:

The systematic presentation of the bones in the skeletal system including details of bone structure that are important for a radiological diagnosis. The construction and function of the various joints particularly in reference to the diagnostic possibilities in radiology. A rough overview of the muscular system.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with general anatomy and the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system including bone structures. Based on this knowledge, they can understand positioning techniques in conventional radiology.

Superior module:

Basic Principles of Medical Knowledge

Module description:

The graduates know the fundamental connectivity of the construction, function and illnesses of the human body. They have a holistic view of the organism Human and are proficient in the biomedical system. Due to their comprehension of general and musculoskeletal anatomy they are able to understand positioning techniques in conventional radiology. They command medical terminology and can use it in technical communication, but are also able to present medical facts and circumstances understandably for laymen. They understand the morphological and functional connectivity of a healthy body and the genesis of illness. This serves the further understanding of physiological and pathological processes. The students are able to recognize life-threatening conditions and can, when required, prepare and implement emergency measures, in order to administer appropriate First Aid. As a fundamental ability for working in a health profession, they understand the mechanics of the proliferation of contagious diseases and are able to implement the necessary precautionary measures to limit the spread of contagions when working with patients.

Appliance Technology for Projection Radiography

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1GTPVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Principles of electronics; X-ray tube and beamer, generator, exposure equipment (table, vertical, types), fluoroscopy machines (image intensifier, types), other x-ray machines (mammography, tomography, chest x-ray stations, dental x-ray, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); digital exposure equipment (fluoroscopy, photostimulable phosphor plate radiography, direct radiography, angiography work stations including motorized syringes, catheter labs, mammography); laser imagers, safety aspects in machine usage; dose control

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates understand the structure, functionality, and applications of imaging devices in projection radiography. They are capable of operating these devices in principle in all situations and responding appropriately to malfunctions. They are familiar with the principles of automatic exposure control and dose monitoring and can assess whether images have been acquired in accordance with the ALARA principle.

Superior module:

Introduction to Projection Radiography

Module description:

The purpose of this module is the presentation of diagnostic radiology fundamentals. When this module is completed the students understand the construction, functionality and usage possibilities of an x-ray generator in projection radiography, can apply these concepts in any situation and can react properly by accidents/breakdowns. The graduates know the contrast media used in medical imaging, as well as their effect and the application forms and amounts based on the medical indications. They know the relevant laboratory parameters as they concern the application of contrast media and are able to judge their influence on radiologic examinations. They can recognize contrast media incidents and implement the necessary measures (including independently initiating First Aid measures, and assisting a doctor by emergency measures). Upon course completion the students understand the physical and biological fundamentals of radiation protection, the dangers of ionizing radiation with a particular consideration for the uses of ionizing radiation in medicine, as well as the pertinent legal guidelines for clinical radiation protection. They know how radiation measurement devices function, and are able to use them. They can initiate the necessary protocols in case of a radiation accident. Based on their theoretical knowledge, the students are able to ensure the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient, while still providing optimal imaging.

Contrast Media

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1KMLVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Application areas and classification of contrast media, physical and chemical characteristics of contrast media and their pharmacodynamics, relevant laboratory parameters as they concern the application of contrast media; the side effects of contrast media and the medical measures by incidents, knowledge of the most important emergency medications and instruments. Practical exercises: blood pressure measuring, PVC placement, the preparation of an I.V., usage of motorized syringes, contrast media pumps and anesthesia equipment (like pulse oximetry, EKG, aspiration unit).

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the contrast agents used in radiodiagnostics, their mechanisms of action, and the indication-specific methods and dosages of administration. They understand profession-relevant laboratory parameters related to contrast agent application and can assess their impact on radiological examinations. They can recognize contrast agent-related incidents and implement the necessary measures, including independently performing advanced first aid procedures and assisting with medical emergency interventions.

Superior module:

Introduction to Projection Radiography

Module description:

The purpose of this module is the presentation of diagnostic radiology fundamentals. When this module is completed the students understand the construction, functionality and usage possibilities of an x-ray generator in projection radiography, can apply these concepts in any situation and can react properly by accidents/breakdowns. The graduates know the contrast media used in medical imaging, as well as their effect and the application forms and amounts based on the medical indications. They know the relevant laboratory parameters as they concern the application of contrast media and are able to judge their influence on radiologic examinations. They can recognize contrast media incidents and implement the necessary measures (including independently initiating First Aid measures, and assisting a doctor by emergency measures). Upon course completion the students understand the physical and biological fundamentals of radiation protection, the dangers of ionizing radiation with a particular consideration for the uses of ionizing radiation in medicine, as well as the pertinent legal guidelines for clinical radiation protection. They know how radiation measurement devices function, and are able to use them. They can initiate the necessary protocols in case of a radiation accident. Based on their theoretical knowledge, the students are able to ensure the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient, while still providing optimal imaging.

Digital Radiography

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1DREIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Image parameters (kV, mAs, sensitivity,) Operating principles and quality criteria of phosphor plate systems, flatbed detectors and image reproduction devices; theory and clinical application of dose indicators; image quality criteria in digital radiography; geometric physical laws of x-ray image production: terminology explanations of projection (central projection, central beam, vertical beam, focus film distance, object film distance, focus object distance); blurring, superposition, angled projection, magnification; radiographic distortion, inverse square law

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the geometric and photographic principles of X-ray image generation as well as the physical factors influencing image quality. They understand the mechanisms of image formation and display. They know the image quality criteria and can identify and, if necessary, correct errors. They have an overview of dose indicators and their significance. They are capable of producing analog and digital X-ray images with correct exposure (without considering positioning techniques) and analyzing images in terms of quality. Additionally, they can independently perform and, if necessary, optimize image and sequence post-processing.

Superior module:

Information Technology in Radiation Technology

Module description:

Upon course completion the students understand the systematics and interaction of network components. They are able to describe the structure and tasks of KIS/RIS/PACS systems, are familiar with the DICOM standard and can describe its use in a RIS/PACS system. They understand the design of tele-medical image processing systems and the requirements with regard to encryption and signature and are able to collaborate on the creation, maintenance and development of medical databanks, networks and their clinical-medical integration. The students understand the geometric and photographic laws of x-ray image production and the physical influential dimensions that affect image quality. They understand the mechanics of image production, as well as image presentation. They know the criteria for good image quality, can recognize errors, and correct them when necessary. The students have an overview of dose indicators and their meaning. They are able to create analog and digital x-ray images with the correct exposure (not accounting positioning technique) and analyze the quality of said images. They can operate image and sequence post-processing on their own and optimize when necessary. After an introduction in the fundamentals of digital image processing the students are shown the particular operations which are generally used in medical-radiologic image processing and presentation. The students know the representation in position and frequency space and the corresponding Fourier - Transform. They know the most significant differences between the various display modes of volume datasets. The most important concepts with regard to those reconstruction processes e.g. for CT, SPECT and PET, that result in volume data acquisition from measured projection data are known. Further, the students should possess a fundamental understanding of the co-registering of volume datasets from various modalities.

Fundamentals of Hygiene

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1HYGIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Introduction to epidemiology, infection epidemiology, bacteriology, virology, parasitology, the most common childhood diseases (measles, mumps, German measles, scarlet fever, chicken pox, whooping cough, diphtheria). Other important infectious diseases (tetanus, hepatitis, HIV, botulism, TBC) Measures to avoid infection: practical application of disinfectants, personal hygiene, protection against infection (protective clothing, vaccination), the handling of wounds and surgical drains, working in a sterile environment, disposal of clinical waste, hospital hygiene

Learning Outcomes:

As a basic competence for working in the healthcare sector, graduates understand the mechanisms of the spread of infectious diseases and can take the necessary precautions when dealing with patients to prevent their transmission.

Superior module:

Basic Principles of Medical Knowledge

Module description:

The graduates know the fundamental connectivity of the construction, function and illnesses of the human body. They have a holistic view of the organism Human and are proficient in the biomedical system. Due to their comprehension of general and musculoskeletal anatomy they are able to understand positioning techniques in conventional radiology. They command medical terminology and can use it in technical communication, but are also able to present medical facts and circumstances understandably for laymen. They understand the morphological and functional connectivity of a healthy body and the genesis of illness. This serves the further understanding of physiological and pathological processes. The students are able to recognize life-threatening conditions and can, when required, prepare and implement emergency measures, in order to administer appropriate First Aid. As a fundamental ability for working in a health profession, they understand the mechanics of the proliferation of contagious diseases and are able to implement the necessary precautionary measures to limit the spread of contagions when working with patients.

Fundamentals of Physics and Mathematics

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1PMGIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Fundamentals of physics and mathematics for the medical-technical field, physical quantities and their units of measure, kinematics, dynamics, oscillation, waves, conservation laws, exponential functions, proportionality, exponentiation, units of measure, logarithms, logarithmical and semi-logarithmical diagrams, use of a scientific calculator

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates have basic knowledge in the fields of physics, radiation physics and mathematics for the medical technology sector.

Superior module:

Fundamentals of Physics for Radiology Technologists

Module description:

A basic comprehension of physics, radiophysics and in part mathematics is taught, beginning on the level of the Austrian secondary school leaving certificate. The graduates know atomic structure and understand the interaction between ionizing radiation and material on a subatomic level, including their general relevance. They are capable of working through simple equations, for example: for radioactive decay, for the absorption of ionizing radiation, for the total ionizing dose around a point source and for error estimation. They know the most important radiation detection devices and the principles of clinical dosimetry and possess an understanding of fundamental physics, as a prerequisite for the comprehension of further physico-technical subjects.

Human Biology and Pathology

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1HUBVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 5
ECTS Credits 5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, histology and pathology (construction, function and disease). The biological (organ) systems are the core of this course. From the cell to tissue to the organs; cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, the kidneys and urinary system, musculoskeletal apparatus, lymphatic organs, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs, skin, sensory organs, the endocrine system, life-threatening situations and First Aid measures.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates know the basic relationships between the structure, function and diseases of the human body. They have a holistic view of the human organism and are proficient in biomedical systematics. They are proficient in medical terminology and can use it in professional communication, while also being able to explain medical concepts in a way that is understandable to laypersons. They understand the morphological and functional relationships between the healthy body and the development of diseases. This serves to further understanding of physiological and pathological processes. Graduates will be able to recognise life-threatening conditions and, if necessary, prepare and carry out emergency measures in order to provide appropriate first aid.

Superior module:

Basic Principles of Medical Knowledge

Module description:

The graduates know the fundamental connectivity of the construction, function and illnesses of the human body. They have a holistic view of the organism Human and are proficient in the biomedical system. Due to their comprehension of general and musculoskeletal anatomy they are able to understand positioning techniques in conventional radiology. They command medical terminology and can use it in technical communication, but are also able to present medical facts and circumstances understandably for laymen. They understand the morphological and functional connectivity of a healthy body and the genesis of illness. This serves the further understanding of physiological and pathological processes. The students are able to recognize life-threatening conditions and can, when required, prepare and implement emergency measures, in order to administer appropriate First Aid. As a fundamental ability for working in a health profession, they understand the mechanics of the proliferation of contagious diseases and are able to implement the necessary precautionary measures to limit the spread of contagions when working with patients.

Introduction to Radiation Protection

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1GASIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Course content according to Annex 18 Section A Z 1 AllgStrSchV 2020 Basics of nuclear physics and the physics of ionizing radiation, radiation sources, basics of radiation biology, radiation damage, prevention and detection, dosimetry, basics of radiation protection, legal provisions in the field of radiation protection, measuring devices, medical and physical controls, radiation accidents, first aid Practical exercises: Handling of devices for personal and local dose determination

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the physical and biological principles of radiation protection, the hazards of ionizing radiation¿particularly in medical applications¿and the relevant legal regulations for medical radiation protection. They understand the functionality of radiation measurement devices and can operate them correctly. They are capable of taking the necessary actions in the event of radiation incidents. Based on their theoretical knowledge, graduates can ensure the lowest possible radiation exposure for patients while obtaining optimal imaging or examination results in their professional practice.

Superior module:

Introduction to Projection Radiography

Module description:

The purpose of this module is the presentation of diagnostic radiology fundamentals. When this module is completed the students understand the construction, functionality and usage possibilities of an x-ray generator in projection radiography, can apply these concepts in any situation and can react properly by accidents/breakdowns. The graduates know the contrast media used in medical imaging, as well as their effect and the application forms and amounts based on the medical indications. They know the relevant laboratory parameters as they concern the application of contrast media and are able to judge their influence on radiologic examinations. They can recognize contrast media incidents and implement the necessary measures (including independently initiating First Aid measures, and assisting a doctor by emergency measures). Upon course completion the students understand the physical and biological fundamentals of radiation protection, the dangers of ionizing radiation with a particular consideration for the uses of ionizing radiation in medicine, as well as the pertinent legal guidelines for clinical radiation protection. They know how radiation measurement devices function, and are able to use them. They can initiate the necessary protocols in case of a radiation accident. Based on their theoretical knowledge, the students are able to ensure the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient, while still providing optimal imaging.

Introduction to the Profession and Curriculum Content

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1EBSIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 4
ECTS Credits 5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Orientation for the course of study; fundamental work methods for study (like: usage of the library, researching in the internet, organization and time management); introduction to scientific terminology Occupational Fields; function, scope and responsibilities of radiology technologists including legal regulations; health professions in overview Introduction to internships; reflection on personal expectations regarding the curriculum and profession and the first practical experiences in the vocational field (Introductory Internship); insurance and radiation protection regulations. The situation and needs of ill people (for example: problem of hospitalization); Basic terminology and problems/ challenges in the treatment and care of sick people in hospitals and medical institutions (like: patient transport, medical history, handling of bandages, bladder catheters, etc.); psychosocial care of sick people; basics of leading a conversation; support of patients with mobility limitations; basics of care for pain patients; basics of care for disoriented and demented patients; introduction to pharmacology and medicines; ethical aspects in medicine Term Definition: health, illness, resilience, public welfare, preventative medicine (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention), goals and tools in preventative medicine and public welfare including exemplary treatment with selective methods (for example: mammography screening); development of reflection capabilities and personal responsibility as an integral part of self-competence; basic terminology of stress research; mental techniques and anti-stress strategies for their everyday professional life; introduction to time management; techniques and possibilities for promoting socially competent action

Learning Outcomes:

In this introductory module, graduates acquire key competencies that are essential for successfully completing their further studies in three aspects: ¿ with regard to their situation as students, ¿ with regard to their situation as trainees, responsible for caring for sick individuals in both intra- and extramural settings, ¿ with regard to their situation as future professionals, They are informed about the structure and organization of their studies, master essential academic work techniques (such as the use of libraries), and have gained a differentiated insight into the profession of radiologic technologists, allowing them to reconsider and confirm their study choice based on this understanding. Graduates are familiar with the main fields of activity in radiologic technology and understand the fundamental legal regulations of the profession. They are capable of providing care to sick individuals according to their needs, as long as no specialized medical expertise is required. Students are trained to observe the physical and psychological condition of patients before performing a procedure and to monitor physiological parameters. They are able to recognize life-threatening conditions and, if necessary, prepare and execute emergency measures independently. They understand the legal requirements for dose monitoring and are familiar with the basics of personal dosimetry. They are knowledgeable about commonly accepted definitions of health and disease from medical, psychological, and sociological perspectives. They have developed an understanding of different approaches to health promotion and are aware of instruments used in health policy for implementing prevention and health promotion strategies. By engaging with various aspects of health promotion and prevention, they have cultivated a multidimensional understanding of health as well as general social and communicative competencies. At the same time, they have developed an awareness of individual responsibility for maintaining personal health. They are capable of critically reflecting on stressful situations in their professional and personal lives and deriving appropriate courses of action. Graduates recognize the negative effects of prolonged distress on physical and mental health. To prevent harm, they have learned about existing anti-stress strategies and how to apply them effectively. As an essential component of self-competence, they understand the importance of time management and efficient work methodologies.

Superior module:

Introduction to the Profession and Curriculum Content

Module description:

In this introductory module, the graduates develop core skills which are a prerequisite for the successful completion of their course of studies in three respects: - with regard to their situation as students, - with regard to their situation as graduate apprentices/interns who are responsible for looking after patients in intramural and extramural health care and - with regard to their situation as job seekers (candidates). They understand the structure and organization of this course of study, have mastered fundamental study techniques (like, for example, the utilization of libraries), have acquired a differentiated understanding of the profession ¿Radiology Technologist¿ and based on this have reviewed and affirmed their decision for this course of study. They are acquainted with the most important fields of activity pertaining to Radiation Technology and are informed about the basic professional regulations. They are able to care for sick and injured patients according to their needs ¿ as long as no specialized knowledge is required. The students are capable of observing the physical and psychological condition of the patient before a procedure is implemented and controlling physiological parameters. They are capable of recognizing life-threatening situations and if necessary preparing emergency treatment, possibly even applying it themselves. They know the legal requirements for dose monitoring and are familiar with the basics of personal dosimetry. The graduates know the generally recognized definitions of health and illness from the medical, psychological, and sociological perspective. They have developed and understanding of the varying approaches applied in health facilitation. They are aware of politically implemented programs for preventative medicine and health facilitation. Through discussions centered on varying topics related to health facilitation and prevention a multidimensional understanding of Health, as well as general social ¿ communicative competence, has been promoted. Simultaneously, they have developed an understanding of the personal responsibility of an individual for his/her own health and well-being. They are capable of critically reflecting on stressful situations in their professional and private surroundings and developing appropriate courses of action. They are aware of the negative effect constant (dis-)stress has on physical and mental health. To prevent harm, they have learned what anti-stress strategies exist and how to apply them in a goal-oriented fashion. They know about the meaning of time management and an efficient work methodology as an important component of self-responsibility.

Physics and Radiophysics

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1PSPIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 4
ECTS Credits 5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Physical quantites and their units of measure, spectren, atomic structure, radioactivity, interaction between ionizing radiation and material, dosis terminology, radiation fields, medical sources of radiation, detectors, clinical dosimetry. Practical measurements of the radiation fields (according to availability x-ray, CT, linear accelerators, afterloading, ¿) spectrometry of radioactive sources ( according to availability gamma camera, semi-conductor detectors)

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with atomic structure and understand interaction processes between ionising radiation and matter at elementary particle level as well as their overall significance. They are able to carry out simple calculations, e.g. on radioactive decay, absorption of ionising radiation, dose rate in the vicinity of a point source and error estimation. They are familiar with the most important radiation detectors and the principles of clinical dosimetry and have the basic knowledge of physics that is a prerequisite for understanding the more advanced physical-technical subjects.

Superior module:

Fundamentals of Physics for Radiology Technologists

Module description:

A basic comprehension of physics, radiophysics and in part mathematics is taught, beginning on the level of the Austrian secondary school leaving certificate. The graduates know atomic structure and understand the interaction between ionizing radiation and material on a subatomic level, including their general relevance. They are capable of working through simple equations, for example: for radioactive decay, for the absorption of ionizing radiation, for the total ionizing dose around a point source and for error estimation. They know the most important radiation detection devices and the principles of clinical dosimetry and possess an understanding of fundamental physics, as a prerequisite for the comprehension of further physico-technical subjects.

Positioning Technique in Projection Radiography - Introduction

Semester 1
Academic year 1
Course code RATB1NARIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Direction and positioning nomenclature, optical path and direction; imaging acces-sories, reduction of scattered radiation; central alignment by over and under table imaging Discussion of all common standard radiographs. Practical exectuion of common standardized X-ray images from the following regions: skull, spine, pelvis and hip joints, shoulder, upper and lower extremities including joints, thoracic organs (lungs, ribs), abdomen and breast; practical performance of the images according to the following scheme: indications, imaging format, exposure values, patient preparation, patient positioning, central beam, FFD, radiation protection, image analysis.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can apply theoretical models of projection theory to practical cases. They have mastered standard imaging techniques for different body regions in the clinical fields of traumatology, orthopedics, rheumatology, and internal medicine. They are capable of adapting adult imaging protocols to meet the specific needs of pediatric radiology. They can adjust imaging parameters and positioning techniques according to the individual requirements of patients (e.g., in cases of limited mobility).

Superior module:

Radiographic Positioning

Module description:

Graduates are able to transfer the theoretical models of projection theory to practical applications. They master the standard and special x-ray images of the various body sections in the clinical areas of trautmatology, orthopedics, rheumatology and internal medicine. They are able to adapt adult protocols to the needs of pediatric radiology. They vary acquisition parameters and positioning techniques depending on the specific needs of the patient. (e.g. in case of limited mobility).

Course titleSWSECTSTYPE

Advanced positioning Technique in Projection Radiography

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2NARIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 3
ECTS Credits 4
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Discussion of special radiographs and special exposure situations from the following regions: skull, spine, pelvis and hip joints, shoulder, upper and lower extremities including joints, thoracic organs (lungs, ribs), abdomen and breast; practical performance of the images according to the following scheme: indica-tions, imaging format, exposure values, patient preparation, patient positioning, central beam, FFD, radiation protection, image analysis. In accompaniment to the material presented theoretically in this module, the students are divided into small groups to conduct practical exercises. The students practice the execution of the learned positioning techniques on each other and on the full body x-ray phantom.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates have mastered specialized imaging techniques for different body regions in the clinical fields of traumatology, orthopedics, rheumatology, and internal medicine. They can adjust imaging parameters and positioning techniques based on the specific clinical question and situational requirements.

Superior module:

Radiographic Positioning

Module description:

Graduates are able to transfer the theoretical models of projection theory to practical applications. They master the standard and special x-ray images of the various body sections in the clinical areas of trautmatology, orthopedics, rheumatology and internal medicine. They are able to adapt adult protocols to the needs of pediatric radiology. They vary acquisition parameters and positioning techniques depending on the specific needs of the patient. (e.g. in case of limited mobility).

Clinical Pathology and Patho-physiology

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2KPPVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Particular pathologies and patho-physiological connectivity in all organs/regions with which radiology technicians are confronted with in the workplace; the correct interpretation and understanding of referral diagnoses, the illness/injury context, differential diagnoses in a radiologic context - nuclear medicine - radio-oncology; demonstration of pathologies on the basis of radiological images

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are able to recognise typical pathologies in the examination process and know their significance for the further examination process in order to consult with the responsible doctor if necessary. They are familiar with the basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of the diseases relevant to their professional field, know which special features need to be taken into account due to the respective disease in patients (e.g. positioning during the examination or during the waiting period in case of pain/breathlessness, particular risk of infection, ...) and can adapt examination procedures accordingly.

Superior module:

Physiology and Pathology

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are capable of estimating medical radiation exposure, as well as understanding the radiobiological requirements for radio-oncology. They comprehend the difference between stochastic and deterministic radiation damage, as well as the concept of a threshold dose. They are able to identify and distinguish anatomical structures on all radiologic images. They can estimate how and which anatomical structures will be seen in a particular projection/slice, and can thereby select the appropriate exposure technique or parameters. The students are able to recognize typical pathologies during the examination and their impact on the remainder of the examination, in order to consult with the doctor responsible, if necessary. They are familiar with the main aspects of diagnosis and therapy for the relevant illnesses in their field, know which anomalies based on the patient's illness need to be addressed (for example positioning during the examination or while waiting when the patient is suffering from pain or difficulty breathing; a particular risk of infection,...) and are able to adjust the course of the examination accordingly.

Contrast Agent Examinations in Projection Radiography

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2KMUVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1.5
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Indication, contraindication, preparation, positioning, execution, risks and complications, handling, application, hygiene, patient information and care; post-treatment as well as quality assurance during contrast agent examinations of the gastrointestinal tract, the urogenital system, veins and arteries as well as by particular, less common contrast agent examinations. A fundamental understanding of vascular interventions, angiocardiography, interventional radiography and the proper handling of biopsy material is conveyed within the sphere of interventions. Image analysis is also discussed in regards to radiographical anatomy and pathology by selected examinations.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with all common contrast-enhanced examinations, understand the effects of contrast agents, and can inform patients about the examination process and necessary preparatory measures. They are capable of preparing the examination, performing it in collaboration with physicians, and documenting the procedure. For examinations or interventions requiring sterile conditions, they can assist with sterile instrumentation. They are proficient in performing all standard and specialized examinations in projection radiography and can analyze and assess the imaging or examination results based on qualitative guidelines. Graduates are able to identify and correct errors and their causes. They can justify the selected examination parameters and, if necessary, suggest further radiological-technical measures.

Superior module:

Advanced Projection Radiography

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are able to professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and operate the machinery without technical mistakes based on their understanding of the construction and operation of said machines. They can conduct all common standard and specialized x-ray examinations in plain radiology, including mammography (practiced competency levels), and analyze and critique the images or results according to quality guidelines. They can recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, argue product quality and suggest further radiologic-technical measures when indicated. They are able to position the patient with clear and precise directions and provide aid with respect to the indications and the patient's particular needs, as well as develop positioning alternatives to spare the patient. They know all the common contrast agent examinations, are able to inform patients about the course of the exam and can instruct them in the necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination and conduct and document the examination in cooperation with a doctor. By examinations/ interventions that are conducted in a sterile environment, the student is able to handle instruments in a sterile manner. In accompaniment to the material presented theoretically in this module, the students conduct practical exercises in a realistic clinical environment. The students practice the execution of the learned positioning techniques on each other and on the full body x-ray phantom. Conducive to an optimized knowledge transfer of the theoretical content into a working understanding of the material, the practice exercises are usually conducted directly in the internship sites. Addressing the relationship between operational theory and professional practice by means of selected practical problems should guarantee an optimal preparation for the subsequent external internships. Upon completion the students are able to make appropriate preparations for all x-ray diagnostic examinations using ionizing radiation, in order to keep the radiation dose as low as possible for patients and personnel. They are capable of assuming the role of Radiation Safety Delegate in the area of x-ray diagnostics and diagnostics with contained radioactive substances (as per the Austrian medical radiation protection law: BGBL II Nr. 409 - 2004 - Anlage 1, Pkt. 2).

Data Processing and Tele-communication in Medicine

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2DVTVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Terminology definitions: digital/analog, bit/byte/digits; networks; general multitier architecture; OSI reference model, resolution, pixel, storage; KIS/RIS/PACS and HL-7/DICOM; telemedicine: connection types; encryption and signature, practical exercise: KIS (ORBIS)

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates understand the systematics and interaction of the components in a network. They will be able to describe the structure and tasks of HIS/RIS/PACS systems. They have an overview of the DICOM standard and can describe its application in a RIS/PACS system. They understand the structure of telemedical image processing systems with their requirements with regard to encryption and signatures and can contribute to the creation, maintenance and further development of medical databases, data networks and their clinical-medical integration.

Superior module:

Information Technology in Radiation Technology

Module description:

Upon course completion the students understand the systematics and interaction of network components. They are able to describe the structure and tasks of KIS/RIS/PACS systems, are familiar with the DICOM standard and can describe its use in a RIS/PACS system. They understand the design of tele-medical image processing systems and the requirements with regard to encryption and signature and are able to collaborate on the creation, maintenance and development of medical databanks, networks and their clinical-medical integration. The students understand the geometric and photographic laws of x-ray image production and the physical influential dimensions that affect image quality. They understand the mechanics of image production, as well as image presentation. They know the criteria for good image quality, can recognize errors, and correct them when necessary. The students have an overview of dose indicators and their meaning. They are able to create analog and digital x-ray images with the correct exposure (not accounting positioning technique) and analyze the quality of said images. They can operate image and sequence post-processing on their own and optimize when necessary. After an introduction in the fundamentals of digital image processing the students are shown the particular operations which are generally used in medical-radiologic image processing and presentation. The students know the representation in position and frequency space and the corresponding Fourier - Transform. They know the most significant differences between the various display modes of volume datasets. The most important concepts with regard to those reconstruction processes e.g. for CT, SPECT and PET, that result in volume data acquisition from measured projection data are known. Further, the students should possess a fundamental understanding of the co-registering of volume datasets from various modalities.

Digital Image Processing

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2DBVIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 3
ECTS Credits 3.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Units of a digital image processing system (acquisition, storage, image processing, communication, display); digital image in placement area: medical and non-medical image data, classification of digital image data, coordination system; 2D image representation: matrix, spacial resolution, contrast resolution, other characteristics; 2D-display: histogram and windowing, LUT; 3D image representation: gauging - image reconstruction (filtered back projection, iterative reconstruction), characteristics; 3D-display: MPR, STS, Ray Casting and SSD/MIP/VR/pVR; Application-oriented basics of transformation (Fourier-Transform) and spatial-/ frequency domain; operations in placement space: point operations, as well as local/global operations, segmentation (area-oriented process, edge-oriented process); co-registration of volume datasets; parametrical images; After an introduction to the fundamentals of digital image processing, special techniques are developed which are commonly used in medical-radiological image processing and imaging. Practical exercises accompanying the lecture: differences in image processing with various programs, characteristics of digital 2D and 3D datasets, image processing with Impax: Zoom, Pan, Windowing and contrast correction, histogram, value profile, filter; volume datasets: surview, slice thickness and pitch, MPR/CPR, sliding thin slab, MIP, SSD, VR basics, co-registered datasets

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with representation in both spatial and frequency domains and the associated Fourier transformation. They understand the key differences between various visualization methods for volumetric datasets. They are knowledgeable about the main concepts of reconstruction techniques used in imaging modalities such as CT, SPECT, and PET, which convert measured projection data into volumetric data. Additionally, they have a fundamental understanding of the co-registration of volumetric data from different modalities. Graduates are proficient in using the functions of a DICOM viewer and can display and process radiological image data.

Superior module:

Information Technology in Radiation Technology

Module description:

Upon course completion the students understand the systematics and interaction of network components. They are able to describe the structure and tasks of KIS/RIS/PACS systems, are familiar with the DICOM standard and can describe its use in a RIS/PACS system. They understand the design of tele-medical image processing systems and the requirements with regard to encryption and signature and are able to collaborate on the creation, maintenance and development of medical databanks, networks and their clinical-medical integration. The students understand the geometric and photographic laws of x-ray image production and the physical influential dimensions that affect image quality. They understand the mechanics of image production, as well as image presentation. They know the criteria for good image quality, can recognize errors, and correct them when necessary. The students have an overview of dose indicators and their meaning. They are able to create analog and digital x-ray images with the correct exposure (not accounting positioning technique) and analyze the quality of said images. They can operate image and sequence post-processing on their own and optimize when necessary. After an introduction in the fundamentals of digital image processing the students are shown the particular operations which are generally used in medical-radiologic image processing and presentation. The students know the representation in position and frequency space and the corresponding Fourier - Transform. They know the most significant differences between the various display modes of volume datasets. The most important concepts with regard to those reconstruction processes e.g. for CT, SPECT and PET, that result in volume data acquisition from measured projection data are known. Further, the students should possess a fundamental understanding of the co-registering of volume datasets from various modalities.

Internship Projection Radiography

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2PP2IT
Type IT
Kind Internship (S)
Language of instruction German
SWS 0
ECTS Credits 8.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Standard techniques of projection radiography (exposure technique, exposure parameters, patient positioning, image post processing, archiving); fluoroscopy (dynamic imaging, tube rotation, table positioning, contrast agent examinations, image processing); mammography (positioning technique, machine parameters); practical application of radiation protection measures

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are capable of operating the equipment flawlessly based on their knowledge of its design and functionality. They are aware of the exceptional situation of patients and are prepared to handle patient interactions. They can position and position patients using clear and precise instructions and assistance, taking into account the indication and special personal needs, and develop alternative patient-friendly positioning options if necessary. They can perform all common radiographs in conventional radiology, including mammography, analyze the imaging or examination results, evaluate them according to qualitative guidelines, identify and correct errors and their causes, justify the image quality, and, if necessary, suggest further radiological-technical measures. Graduates can inform patients about the examination process and instruct them on necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination, perform it in collaboration with physicians, and document it. They are proficient in radiation protection measures and apply them in their practical work with patients. Graduates have independently performed at least 100 examinations from the organ systems of the thorax, skeleton, breast, urogenital tract, and gastrointestinal tract across at least three specialist fields.

Superior module:

Internship Projection Radiography

Module description:

The graduates of this class are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. They understand the exceptional situation the patient is in, and are prepared for the interaction with them. They are able to position the patient with clear and precise directions and provide aid with respect to the indication and the patient's particular needs, as well as develop positioning alternatives to spare the patient. They can conduct all common standard x-ray examinations in plain radiology, including mammography (practiced competency levels), and analyze and critique the images or results according to quality guidelines. They can recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, argue product quality and suggest further radiologic-technical measures when indicated. They know all the common contrast agent examinations, are able to inform patients about the course of the exam and can instruct them in the necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination and conduct and document the examination in cooperation with a doctor. They are proficient in radiation protection measures and apply them in practice with the patients. The students have independently conducted a minimum of 100 examinations of the regions: chest, skeleton, breast, urogenital system and gastrointestinal tract in a minimum of 3 specialized fields.

Practical Seminar - Projection Radiography

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2PSPUE
Type UB
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Practical exercises in the areas: general projection radiography, mammography, angiography, and fluoroscopy examinations in a realistic clinical environment

Learning Outcomes:

Accompanying the course content of the module, practical exercises are conducted in a real clinical environment. Graduates can apply the learned positioning techniques on each other and on the radiographic phantom. They are capable of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures professionally and operating medical devices based on their knowledge of the equipment¿s structure and functionality.

Superior module:

Advanced Projection Radiography

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are able to professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and operate the machinery without technical mistakes based on their understanding of the construction and operation of said machines. They can conduct all common standard and specialized x-ray examinations in plain radiology, including mammography (practiced competency levels), and analyze and critique the images or results according to quality guidelines. They can recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, argue product quality and suggest further radiologic-technical measures when indicated. They are able to position the patient with clear and precise directions and provide aid with respect to the indications and the patient's particular needs, as well as develop positioning alternatives to spare the patient. They know all the common contrast agent examinations, are able to inform patients about the course of the exam and can instruct them in the necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination and conduct and document the examination in cooperation with a doctor. By examinations/ interventions that are conducted in a sterile environment, the student is able to handle instruments in a sterile manner. In accompaniment to the material presented theoretically in this module, the students conduct practical exercises in a realistic clinical environment. The students practice the execution of the learned positioning techniques on each other and on the full body x-ray phantom. Conducive to an optimized knowledge transfer of the theoretical content into a working understanding of the material, the practice exercises are usually conducted directly in the internship sites. Addressing the relationship between operational theory and professional practice by means of selected practical problems should guarantee an optimal preparation for the subsequent external internships. Upon completion the students are able to make appropriate preparations for all x-ray diagnostic examinations using ionizing radiation, in order to keep the radiation dose as low as possible for patients and personnel. They are capable of assuming the role of Radiation Safety Delegate in the area of x-ray diagnostics and diagnostics with contained radioactive substances (as per the Austrian medical radiation protection law: BGBL II Nr. 409 - 2004 - Anlage 1, Pkt. 2).

Radiation Protection in Diagnostic Radiology

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2SSDIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Course content according to Annex 18 Section A Z 2 AllgStrSchV 2020 X-ray equipment for diagnostics and interventional radiology; Radiation exposure of employees, patients and other persons exposed to radiation; determination of radiation exposure; protective measures for employees, patients and other persons exposed to radiation; diagnostic reference values; quality assurance measures Exercises: protective measures when operating X-ray equipment for diagnostics and interventional radiology, quality checks

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can take appropriate precautions in all applications of ionizing radiation in radiographic diagnostics to minimize radiation exposure for patients and staff. They are qualified to assume the responsibilities of radiation protection officers in the field of radiographic diagnostics and diagnostics involving sealed radioactive sources (in accordance with the Med StrSchV, BGBl. II No. 375/2017 - Annex 2).

Superior module:

Advanced Projection Radiography

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are able to professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and operate the machinery without technical mistakes based on their understanding of the construction and operation of said machines. They can conduct all common standard and specialized x-ray examinations in plain radiology, including mammography (practiced competency levels), and analyze and critique the images or results according to quality guidelines. They can recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, argue product quality and suggest further radiologic-technical measures when indicated. They are able to position the patient with clear and precise directions and provide aid with respect to the indications and the patient's particular needs, as well as develop positioning alternatives to spare the patient. They know all the common contrast agent examinations, are able to inform patients about the course of the exam and can instruct them in the necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination and conduct and document the examination in cooperation with a doctor. By examinations/ interventions that are conducted in a sterile environment, the student is able to handle instruments in a sterile manner. In accompaniment to the material presented theoretically in this module, the students conduct practical exercises in a realistic clinical environment. The students practice the execution of the learned positioning techniques on each other and on the full body x-ray phantom. Conducive to an optimized knowledge transfer of the theoretical content into a working understanding of the material, the practice exercises are usually conducted directly in the internship sites. Addressing the relationship between operational theory and professional practice by means of selected practical problems should guarantee an optimal preparation for the subsequent external internships. Upon completion the students are able to make appropriate preparations for all x-ray diagnostic examinations using ionizing radiation, in order to keep the radiation dose as low as possible for patients and personnel. They are capable of assuming the role of Radiation Safety Delegate in the area of x-ray diagnostics and diagnostics with contained radioactive substances (as per the Austrian medical radiation protection law: BGBL II Nr. 409 - 2004 - Anlage 1, Pkt. 2).

Radiobiology

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2STBVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 3
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Basic knowledge of radiobiological phenomena: relative biological effectiveness, the impact of the temporal and spatial dose distribution on the radio-effect during radiation of living cells and organisms; recovery phenomena; fractionated radiation; the 5 "R's" of radiobiology; temporal development of biological radio-effects; direct and indirect radio-effects: chain of reaction, acute and late side effects to radiation exposure; cell death and radiation-induced death to organisms; the radiation sensitivity of specific tissue and organs; side effects/damage caused by radiation; biochemical, zytogenetic and cellular reactions to radiation; biological fundamentals of radiation therapy; radiation illness; the induction of malign neoplasms; the impact of low doses of radiation (also with benign illnesses); the difficulties of the threshold dose and its extrapolation; absolute and relative models of risk; stochastic effects and latency time; the effect of radiation on prenatal development; genetic radio-effects

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can assess the effects of medical radiation exposure and understand the radiobiological principles of radiation oncology. They are familiar with the difference between stochastic and deterministic radiation damage, as well as the concept of the threshold dose. They can evaluate the proportionality of radiation therapy side effects in patients and determine whether medical assessment is required.

Superior module:

Physiology and Pathology

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are capable of estimating medical radiation exposure, as well as understanding the radiobiological requirements for radio-oncology. They comprehend the difference between stochastic and deterministic radiation damage, as well as the concept of a threshold dose. They are able to identify and distinguish anatomical structures on all radiologic images. They can estimate how and which anatomical structures will be seen in a particular projection/slice, and can thereby select the appropriate exposure technique or parameters. The students are able to recognize typical pathologies during the examination and their impact on the remainder of the examination, in order to consult with the doctor responsible, if necessary. They are familiar with the main aspects of diagnosis and therapy for the relevant illnesses in their field, know which anomalies based on the patient's illness need to be addressed (for example positioning during the examination or while waiting when the patient is suffering from pain or difficulty breathing; a particular risk of infection,...) and are able to adjust the course of the examination accordingly.

Topographical and Tomographical Anatomy

Semester 2
Academic year 1
Course code RATB2TASIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

The recognition and specification of anatomical structures in x-ray and fluoroscopy images, CT and MRI series and specimen from the regions: head throat, spine extremities, abdomen, chest; establishing a spatial reference in x-ray and slice images

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can identify and distinguish anatomical structures on all radiological images. They are able to assess how and which anatomical structures are represented in a specific projection or imaging plane, allowing them to select appropriate imaging techniques and parameters based on the clinical question.

Superior module:

Physiology and Pathology

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are capable of estimating medical radiation exposure, as well as understanding the radiobiological requirements for radio-oncology. They comprehend the difference between stochastic and deterministic radiation damage, as well as the concept of a threshold dose. They are able to identify and distinguish anatomical structures on all radiologic images. They can estimate how and which anatomical structures will be seen in a particular projection/slice, and can thereby select the appropriate exposure technique or parameters. The students are able to recognize typical pathologies during the examination and their impact on the remainder of the examination, in order to consult with the doctor responsible, if necessary. They are familiar with the main aspects of diagnosis and therapy for the relevant illnesses in their field, know which anomalies based on the patient's illness need to be addressed (for example positioning during the examination or while waiting when the patient is suffering from pain or difficulty breathing; a particular risk of infection,...) and are able to adjust the course of the examination accordingly.

Course titleSWSECTSTYPE

Angiography and Interventional Radiology

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3AIRIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Vascular interventions: balloon dialation, stent, stent graft, thrombectomy, embolisation, selective internal radiotherapy, transarterial chemoembolisatio, ....; Tumor ablation intervention: radiofrequency ablation, cryo-ablation; biopsies, drains, ERCP; nerve stem infiltrations; vertebroplasty; image analysis with regard to x-ray anatomy and pathology for selected examinations

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods in angiography and interventional radiology. They can assist physicians during interventions and take on sterile assistance in selected areas.

Superior module:

Method Selection in Diagnostic Processes

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students understand the diagnostic differences in all examination modalities and are able to recognize and describe common illnesses as seen in radiologic imaging. Based on the clinical question they are able to select the appropriate examination modality and explain their choice. They can describe and comprehend the indicators for radiologic diagnostic examinations as well as for interventions. The students know the physical-technical fundamentals of ultrasound diagnostics and are able to perform simple standardized ultrasound examinations. They understand the limits of personal responsibility in the performance of their profession and can differentiate between standard documentation and clinical diagnosis in respect to ultrasound.

Appliance Technology - Tomography

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3GTSIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

The appliance technology of CT's and MRI's is discussed based on the following schemas: physical-technical fundamentals, terminology definitions, construction and technical components of the machine units, operational principles, components of image creation and rendering, artifacts and the possibilities for correction, safety aspects, quality assurance, consistency tests, viewing the machines in action, possible technical developments in the future

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates have knowledge of the physical and technical principles, structure, and applications of cross-sectional imaging modalities. They are familiar with the components of image acquisition, image computation, and post-processing. They can understand, modify, and optimize examination parameters.

Superior module:

Tomography

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students understand the physical-technical principle, and the design and possible fields of application of tomography modalities. They are familiar with the components of image creation, calculation and post-processing. They are able to reconstruct, modify and optimize examination parameters. The students are able to optimally attend to, position and examine patients. They are able to independently post-process images and sequences and when necessary optimize them. The students can initiate quality assurance measures and consistency tests and grasp the relevant research aspects of appliance technology/ tomography. They are capable of adapting the examination parameters to the individual needs of the patient and requirements of the examination.

Appliance Technology in Radiation Therapy

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3GTTIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Introduction and definition of terms (historical overview, tele- / brachytherapy, photons / electrons / protons / heavily charged particles, dose curves in longitudinal and cross-section) Types of particle accelerators and their fields of application at a glance (traveling wave and standing wave accelerators, synchotron, cyclotron) Structure and functionality of linear accelerators for use in radiation therapy; Discussion of the main components (pulse modulator, electron source, klystron or magnetron, accelerating structure, bending magnet, treatment head), components for electron and photon operation, treatment head and MLC, IMRT, dose measurement, ..) Brachytherapy: fields of application, nuclides used, forms of application and safety aspects Principles and procedures in simulation and verification (X-ray films, EPID, CBCT, ..) Practical safety aspects: Equipment to ensure radiation protection and safety for teletherapy devices (door contact, emergency stop switch, radiation level monitor), behavior in the event of malfunctions Special procedures at a glance (IORT, conventional X-ray therapy, proton therapy, gamma knife, cyber knife, tomotherapy, stereotactic radiation, total-body radiation, ...)

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the structure and functionality of planning CT and linear accelerators used in radiation therapy. They can perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures professionally and operate the equipment flawlessly based on their knowledge of its structure and functionality. Graduates are familiar with facilities for ensuring radiation protection and safety in teletherapy and brachytherapy.

Superior module:

Theoretical Fundamentals of Radiation Therapy

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are familiar with the standard clinical procedures in radiooncology for the most common tumors. They know the guidelines for radiooncological treatment and are able to apply methods for tumor localization. The students know which responsibilities fall to whom (physicist, doctor, nursing staff) and are capable of working together in a multi-professional team. They can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. The students are familiar with radiation protection features for teletherapy and brachytherapy.

Examination Techniques - Tomography

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3UTSVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 3.5
ECTS Credits 3.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Tomographical examinations of all organs are discussed based on the following schemas: patient education, preparation, care and follow-up care, radiation protection and safety measures for patients and personnel, hygiene, examination planning, optimization and execution. Contrast agent application, 2D and 3D post-processing, application of diffusion and perfusion techniques, analysis of the examination parameters and quality control based on the acquired images, recognition of sources of error and their correction

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the examination-relevant parameters for cross-sectional imaging of all organs. They can provide optimal patient care, positioning, and examination. They are capable of independently performing and, if necessary, optimizing image and sequence post-processing. They can carry out quality assurance measures and constancy tests and are knowledgeable about research-relevant aspects in the field of imaging technology and cross-sectional imaging modalities. They are able to adjust examination parameters according to individual examination and/or patient requirements.

Superior module:

Tomography

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students understand the physical-technical principle, and the design and possible fields of application of tomography modalities. They are familiar with the components of image creation, calculation and post-processing. They are able to reconstruct, modify and optimize examination parameters. The students are able to optimally attend to, position and examine patients. They are able to independently post-process images and sequences and when necessary optimize them. The students can initiate quality assurance measures and consistency tests and grasp the relevant research aspects of appliance technology/ tomography. They are capable of adapting the examination parameters to the individual needs of the patient and requirements of the examination.

Indications for Radiologic Examinations and Fundamentals of X-ray Pathology

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3IRUIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Basic pros and cons of the various radiologic modalities; discussion of the best possible diagnostic approach to different illnesses/diseases with respect to the clinical situation; (contra-) indicators for particular examination modalities; discussion of the diagnostic path for common illnesses and their visual representation in the various modalities

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can understand the diagnostic differences between all radiological imaging modalities and recognize and describe common diseases based on radiological imaging. They are capable of selecting the appropriate imaging modality based on clinical questions and justifying their choice. Additionally, they can describe and comprehend indications for both radiological diagnostics and interventional procedures.

Superior module:

Method Selection in Diagnostic Processes

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students understand the diagnostic differences in all examination modalities and are able to recognize and describe common illnesses as seen in radiologic imaging. Based on the clinical question they are able to select the appropriate examination modality and explain their choice. They can describe and comprehend the indicators for radiologic diagnostic examinations as well as for interventions. The students know the physical-technical fundamentals of ultrasound diagnostics and are able to perform simple standardized ultrasound examinations. They understand the limits of personal responsibility in the performance of their profession and can differentiate between standard documentation and clinical diagnosis in respect to ultrasound.

Internship - Tomography

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3PS3IT
Type IT
Kind Internship (S)
Language of instruction German
SWS 0
ECTS Credits 6
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Computed Tomography (patient positioning, machine parameters, usage of motorized injection system, image rendering and post-processing, archiving, DICOM-Viewer) Magnet Resonance Imaging (safety guidelines, patient positioning, selection of the correct antenna, post-processing, archiving, DICOM-Viewer) Ultrasound (patient positioning, machine adjustments, selection of the correct transducer based on body region and indication)

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are proficient in operating cross-sectional imaging modalities and are familiar with the components of image acquisition, image computation, and post-processing. They can independently input and modify examination parameters. They are capable of performing image and sequence post-processing autonomously and optimizing it when necessary. They can provide optimal patient care, positioning, and examination. Graduates are knowledgeable about the safety regulations for each cross-sectional imaging modality and can inform patients accordingly. They understand the contraindications of each modality as well as the use of various contrast agents. They can operate the power injector and are aware of the consequences of incorrect usage. Graduates have independently performed at least 40 computed tomography (CT) examinations, at least 30 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, and at least 20 ultrasound examinations across at least three organ systems.

Superior module:

Internship - Tomography

Module description:

Upon completion of this internship the students are able to operate tomography modalities, and are conversant in the componants for image creation, rendering and post-processing, and can input and modify the examination parameters themselves. They are able to independently implement and when necessary optimize image and sequence post-processing. They can optimally care for, position and examine patients. The students know the safety guidelines for the individual tomography areas, and can explain them to patients. They understand the contraindications for the different modalities, as well as the application of various contrast agents. They are able to use and correctly handle a motorized injection system and understand the consequences of incorrect application. The students comprehend the diagnostic differences of all examination modalities, and can recognize and describe common pathologies on the basis of radiologic imagery. The students have independently conducted a minimum of 40 CT, 30 MRI and 20 ultrasound examinations in at least 3 organ regions.

Introduction to Radiooncology

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3ROEVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Radiooncology of malignant tumors: Oncological Propaedeutics: histology, staging, grading, proliferation means of malignant tumors Methods for tumor localization (therapy simulator, computed tomography, ultrasound, MRI); tumor volume; target volume; organs at risk Guidelines for radiooncological treatment: multidisciplinary diagnosis; production of a radiation treatment plan treatment supervision; post-treatment care; clinical tumor register Therapy goals in radiooncology: curative and palliative treatments, adjuvant radiation treatment; primary, pre-, intra- and postop radiation therapy; radiochemotherapy (scheduling for RTX); combination with hormone therapy; hyperthermia; radiation sensitizing substances Tumor dose: prescribed dose (total dose, single dose, fractionation) based on tumor size; histology; oxygen supply; localization Percutaneous curative radiation therapy: indications; acute side effects on healthy tissue; late side effects

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the typical clinical procedures in radiation oncology for the most common tumor entities (treatment planning, imaging, and radiation delivery). They are aware of the responsibilities of other healthcare professions (physicists, physicians, nursing staff) and are capable of working within a multidisciplinary team. Graduates are knowledgeable about the guidelines for radiation oncology treatment and can apply tumor localization methods (CT). They understand the different treatment goals and common individual or total dose values.

Superior module:

Theoretical Fundamentals of Radiation Therapy

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are familiar with the standard clinical procedures in radiooncology for the most common tumors. They know the guidelines for radiooncological treatment and are able to apply methods for tumor localization. The students know which responsibilities fall to whom (physicist, doctor, nursing staff) and are capable of working together in a multi-professional team. They can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. The students are familiar with radiation protection features for teletherapy and brachytherapy.

Introduction to the Scientific Method

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3EWAIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Fundamentals of perception and scientific theory (What is the difference between scientific and everyday knowledge?); fundamentals of empirical research - differentiation to non-empirical hypotheses; paradigms and outlines of quantitative and qualitative research methods; research design in the social and natural sciences; the connectivity of hypothesis and method(s); systematic literary research in databanks (particularly medical databanks)

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates have gained insight into the specific approach of science to problem-solving, are familiar with the research methods relevant to their professional field, the underlying prerequisites, and the issues to be addressed. They can formulate relevant research questions from their professional field. They can distinguish between hypotheses, personal experiences, and established knowledge regarding open questions in their field, engage in objective discussions with others, argue their own point of view logically, and remain open to valid objections. Graduates can apply the knowledge they have acquired in research, science, industry, or veterinary medicine.

Superior module:

Scientific Method

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students have won insight into the specific scientific approach to problem solving, know the relevant research methods for their profession, the underlying prerequisites and the questions to be handled and are able to formulate relevant hypotheses in their profession. They are able to develop small research projects that are realizable with simple means, read up on relevant literature and independently apply simple qualitative research methods. They can distinguish between conjecture, personal experience and verified knowledge in regards to open-ended questions in their profession, can conduct a clinical debate with others, argue their own position clinically and are open to legimate objections. The students are able to apply the acquired knowledge in research, science, industry or in veterinary medicine. They are capable of independently writing shorter scientific papers in their field (bachelor thesis) and can clearly present facts and personal insight in a comprehensible manner.

Practical Seminar - Tomography

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3PSSUE
Type UB
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

In accompaniment with the theoretical material of this module practical exercises are held in small groups on volunteers and patients. The students practice the application of the learned examination and treatment methods on each other and cooperative individuals. Conducive to an optimized knowledge transfer of the theoretical content into a working understanding of the material, the practice exercises are usually conducted directly in the internship sites. Addressing the relationship between operational theory and professional practice by means of selected practical problems should guarantee an optimal preparation for subsequent external internships

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can apply their theoretical knowledge to various devices and operate them technically.

Superior module:

Tomography

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students understand the physical-technical principle, and the design and possible fields of application of tomography modalities. They are familiar with the components of image creation, calculation and post-processing. They are able to reconstruct, modify and optimize examination parameters. The students are able to optimally attend to, position and examine patients. They are able to independently post-process images and sequences and when necessary optimize them. The students can initiate quality assurance measures and consistency tests and grasp the relevant research aspects of appliance technology/ tomography. They are capable of adapting the examination parameters to the individual needs of the patient and requirements of the examination.

Radiation Physics and Appliance Technology in Nuclear Medicine

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3GTNIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Introduction (comparison with other imaging systems), radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceutical generator, well counter,calculations (radioactive decay, fading of radioactive waste, elution, total ionizing dose, shielding, requirements on an injestion monitoring system, patient dosimetry); measuring technology for nuclear medicine purposes: sensitivity, degradation, blank value and background activity, temporal resolution and counting rate behavior, energy spectrum and calibration, recognition and verification limits; count statistic in nuclear medicine; laboratory measuring instruments: gamma and beta counters, probe gauge, scintillation counter gamma camera; scattering, degradation and spatial resolution compensation; SPECT, PET, combined systems like SPECT/CT, PET/CT

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates have mastered the physical and technical principles, structure, and applications of nuclear medicine imaging modalities. They are familiar with the components of image formation and computation and can understand, modify, and optimize examination parameters. They are capable of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures professionally and operating the equipment flawlessly based on their knowledge of its structure and functionality. Graduates can select, apply, and handle materials for examinations or treatments appropriately according to professional standards, indications, and patient needs.

Superior module:

Theoretical Fundamentals of Nuclear Medicine

Module description:

Upon completion of this module the students have an understanding of the physical-technical principle, the design and application possibilities of nuclear medicine examination modalities, are familiar with image creation and rendering and are able to reconstruct, modify and optimise examination parameters. They can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. The students are able to understand and judge the radiologic technical pertinence of the prescribed examination or treatment based on their knowledge of indications and contra-indications, and when necessary consult with the doctor responsible to receive relevant missing medical information. They are able to professionally select, prepare and apply materials required for the examination or treatment according to the indications and patient's needs. The students can analyze the acquired data and evaluate it in accordance with quality guidelines, recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, debate product quality and when necessary suggest further radiologic-technical measures. They understand the indications for nuclear medicine examinations and therapies are able to recognize and describe pathologies based on nuclear medicine procedures, prepare radiopharmaceuticals and understand their workings, side effects and kinetics. They are schooled in the handling of radioactive materials (practiced competency levels). By every step and action they are aware of the principles of radiation protection.

Ultrasound

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3ULSIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Physical-technical fundamentals, construction and technical componants of the machine units, operational principles, componants of image creation and rendering, artifacts and the possibilities for correction, safety aspects, applicational areas within (and outside of) medicine, Fundamentals of ultrasound anatomy; organ specific standard cross-sections; detection and differentiation of common diagnoses and illnesses; parameter settings dependent on examination region and clinical question; standard documentation of the results; contrast agent application in ultrasound Practical exercises to illustrate the theoretical content

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the physical and technical principles of ultrasound diagnostics and can perform simple, standardized ultrasound examinations. They understand the limits of their independent professional practice and can distinguish between standardized documentation and clinical diagnosis in the context of ultrasound examinations.

Superior module:

Method Selection in Diagnostic Processes

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students understand the diagnostic differences in all examination modalities and are able to recognize and describe common illnesses as seen in radiologic imaging. Based on the clinical question they are able to select the appropriate examination modality and explain their choice. They can describe and comprehend the indicators for radiologic diagnostic examinations as well as for interventions. The students know the physical-technical fundamentals of ultrasound diagnostics and are able to perform simple standardized ultrasound examinations. They understand the limits of personal responsibility in the performance of their profession and can differentiate between standard documentation and clinical diagnosis in respect to ultrasound.

Writing Workshop

Semester 3
Academic year 2
Course code RATB3SWSPS
Type PS
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

The following content is discussed and practiced partially based on a concrete writing project: finding a topic and formulating a hypothesis, criteria for appropriate hypotheses for written papers on a college level; structure of a disposition; differentiation of qualitative and quantitative research approach; planning a writing project: research design, timeline and resource plan; selection and processing relevant literature; use of relevant literature in own work (discussion about quoting and authorship); review of citation formats and their formal implementation; composition of a scientific paper: characteristics of scientific texts (argumentation, confirmability, text structure, relevancy, linguistical clarity), sections of a scientific paper and what they should contain (introduction, conclusion, table of contents, etc.), questions to the structural configuration: layout and the sensible implementation of word processors, working with style sheets; first draft and revision, typical writing problem strategies

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the process of scientific writing and understand the basics of paraphrasing and citing. They can formulate a research question and write a research proposal. They are capable of developing small, simple research projects, conducting relevant literature searches, and independently applying basic qualitative research methods. They can independently write smaller, profession-related scientific papers and present facts as well as their own thoughts clearly and understandably in written texts.

Superior module:

Scientific Method

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students have won insight into the specific scientific approach to problem solving, know the relevant research methods for their profession, the underlying prerequisites and the questions to be handled and are able to formulate relevant hypotheses in their profession. They are able to develop small research projects that are realizable with simple means, read up on relevant literature and independently apply simple qualitative research methods. They can distinguish between conjecture, personal experience and verified knowledge in regards to open-ended questions in their profession, can conduct a clinical debate with others, argue their own position clinically and are open to legimate objections. The students are able to apply the acquired knowledge in research, science, industry or in veterinary medicine. They are capable of independently writing shorter scientific papers in their field (bachelor thesis) and can clearly present facts and personal insight in a comprehensible manner.

Course titleSWSECTSTYPE

Advanced Radiooncology

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4ROVVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 3
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Fundamentals of radiation treatment for primary and secondary brain tumors; orbital, facial and throat tumors; malignant primary and secondary lymphoma, as well as haematopoietic diseases; lung, breast, and esophageal cancer; abdominal tumors; urogenital, rectal and anal cancers; skin cancers; soft tissue sarcomas; pediatric tumors Palliative radiation therapy: important indicators; emergencies (for example acute paraplegia, superior vena cava syndrome); pain management for bone and soft tissue metastases; stability - endangering conditions Radiation therapy for benign illnesses: indicators; infection and stimulation therapy; vascular radiation; application of enclosed radionuclides; Special procedures with increasing dosage: indicators for brachytherapy, as well as IMRT, stereotaxy, IORT; IGRT techniques

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the fundamentals and goals of radiation oncology treatments for various tumor entities. They know the main indications for the use of palliative radiation therapy and its application in benign diseases. They are also knowledgeable about the indications for brachytherapy applications, as well as IMRT, stereotactic, IORT, and IGRT techniques.

Superior module:

Theoretical Fundamentals of Radiation Therapy

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are familiar with the standard clinical procedures in radiooncology for the most common tumors. They know the guidelines for radiooncological treatment and are able to apply methods for tumor localization. The students know which responsibilities fall to whom (physicist, doctor, nursing staff) and are capable of working together in a multi-professional team. They can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. The students are familiar with radiation protection features for teletherapy and brachytherapy.

Indications and Radiopharmaceutical Fundamentals for Nuclear Medical Examinations

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4INMVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 3
ECTS Credits 4
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Fundamental principles of nuclear medicine; biokinetics (accumulation, distribution, metabolism, excretion); side and interaction effects; indications and contraindications; fundamentals of radiopharmacology and pharmakinetics; radionuclide generator; radiopharma-ceutical binding, kits and prefabricated compounds; radiopharmaceutical quality control (statutory, medical, pharmaceutical regulations, radiochemical purity, nuclide purity); the handling of open radioactive substances; diagnostics of the most common examinations (bone, heart, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, parathyroid, tumors, infections, PET, PET tracers); in-vitro diagnostics; radioimmunoassay; therapy with open radioactive materials

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can assess the radiological-technological appropriateness of a prescribed examination or treatment based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications. If necessary, they can consult with the responsible physician regarding any missing medically relevant information. They are capable of analyzing imaging or examination results, evaluating them according to qualitative guidelines, identifying and correcting errors and their causes, justifying the image quality, and, if necessary, suggesting further radiological-technical measures. Graduates can understand the indications for nuclear medicine examinations and therapies, recognize and describe disease patterns using nuclear medicine procedures, prepare radiopharmaceuticals, and are knowledgeable about their (side) effects and kinetics. They can handle open radioactive materials and always consider radiation protection principles in all their activities.

Superior module:

Theoretical Fundamentals of Nuclear Medicine

Module description:

Upon completion of this module the students have an understanding of the physical-technical principle, the design and application possibilities of nuclear medicine examination modalities, are familiar with image creation and rendering and are able to reconstruct, modify and optimise examination parameters. They can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. The students are able to understand and judge the radiologic technical pertinence of the prescribed examination or treatment based on their knowledge of indications and contra-indications, and when necessary consult with the doctor responsible to receive relevant missing medical information. They are able to professionally select, prepare and apply materials required for the examination or treatment according to the indications and patient's needs. The students can analyze the acquired data and evaluate it in accordance with quality guidelines, recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, debate product quality and when necessary suggest further radiologic-technical measures. They understand the indications for nuclear medicine examinations and therapies are able to recognize and describe pathologies based on nuclear medicine procedures, prepare radiopharmaceuticals and understand their workings, side effects and kinetics. They are schooled in the handling of radioactive materials (practiced competency levels). By every step and action they are aware of the principles of radiation protection.

Internship - Radiation Therapy and Internship Nuclear Medicine

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4PSTIT
Type IT
Kind Internship (S)
Language of instruction German
SWS 0
ECTS Credits 10
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Internship - Radiation Therapy: Radiation Treatment Planning (patient positioning, operation of the simulator, computed tomography, creation of treatment plans, simulation and marking the treatment fields, handling of positioning aids) Treatment machines (patient care, positioning, field adjustments, verification imaging, safety regulations) Psycho-social care of oncology patients Internship Nuclear Medicine: Gamma camera (patient positioning, machine parameters, collimators, energy selection, image rendering and archiving) PET (machine parameters, patient positioning, computed tomography, return measurement, SUV, image rendering and archiving) "Hot Lab" (handling of radio-pharmaceuticals, marking, activity measurements, contamination prophylaxis, as well as procedures after contamination, quality controls)

Learning Outcomes:

Radiation Therapy Internship: Graduates can perform physical-technical radiation treatment planning under supervision, implement radiation therapy concepts, and assess side effects. They are capable of executing treatment plans and medical prescriptions on radiation therapy devices and responding appropriately to malfunctions. They can inform patients about the procedures they perform. Graduates are familiar with the devices and applicators used in brachytherapy and can acquire the necessary images for treatment planning. They have independently completed at least 15 treatment plans, including simulations, as well as at least 35 radiation treatments in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy. Internship Nuclear Medicine: Graduates have mastered nuclear medicine imaging modalities and can modify and optimize examination parameters. They can perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures professionally under supervision and operate the equipment flawlessly based on their knowledge of its structure and functionality. Graduates can assess the radiological-technological appropriateness of a prescribed examination or treatment based on their understanding of indications and contraindications. If necessary, they can consult with the responsible physician regarding missing medically relevant information. They are capable of providing patient care before, during, and after a nuclear medicine examination, ensuring optimal positioning, and instructing patients on post-examination care. Graduates can analyze imaging or examination results, evaluate them according to qualitative guidelines, identify and correct errors and their causes, justify image quality, and, if necessary, suggest further radiological-technical measures. They can recognize and describe disease patterns using nuclear medicine procedures. Graduates are able to prepare radiopharmaceuticals and understand the handling of open radioactive materials. In all activities, they take into account the specific radiation protection requirements of nuclear medicine. They have independently performed at least 50 examinations across at least five of the following organ systems: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic system, and central nervous system.

Superior module:

Radiation Therapy Internship and Internship Nuclear Medicine

Module description:

Radiation Therapy Internship (5 ECTS): The students are able to design a physical-technical radiation treatment plan under supervision, implement treatment concepts and estimate side effects. They are able to implement treatment plans and medical stipulations at the treatment machines and react appropriately by breakdowns. They can inform patients about the procedures being conducted. They know the machines and applicators used in brachytherapy, and are able to create the imaging necessary for treatment planning. The students have independently completed a minimum of 15 radiation treatment plans including simulation, as well as at least 35 radiation treatments both in tele- and brachytherapy. Internship Nuclear Medicine (5 ECTS): Upon completion of this course the students have mastered the nuclear medicine examination modalities, and are able to modify and optimize examination parameters. They can professionally conduct supervised examination and treatment methods, and efficiently operate the equipment based on their understanding of the structure and functionality of said machines. Based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications, the students understand the radiologic-technical relevance of the prescribed examination or treatment, and can confer with the responsible doctor regarding missing relevant information. They can care for patients before, during and after a nuclear medicine examination, optimally position them for the examination, and instruct them in post-exam care. The students can analyze and critique the images or results according to quality guidelines, recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, argue product quality and suggest further radiologic-technical measures when indicated. They are able to recognize and describe pathologies based on nuclear medicine procedures. The students can prepare radio-pharmaceuticals and understand the proper handling of open radioactive materials. They consider the specifics of radiation protection in nuclear medicine in all of their actions. The students have independently completed a minimum of 50 examinations from at least 5 of the following organ regions: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardio-vascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, haematopoietical system, central nervous system.

Nuclear Medicine Examination Techniques

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4UNMIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Nuclear medicine examinations based on the machinery and radiopharma-ceuticals; patient organization, education and preparation; information about organization, binding and preparation of the radiopharmaceuticals; explanation of the "hot lab"; quality control (practical execution); contamination controls; decontamination and the removal of radioactive waste; examination procedures (for example the central nervous system [brain SPECT, cerebrospinal fluid scintigraphy], lungs [perfusion, inhalation], heart [Tc-MIBI or TC-Tetrofosmin, pharmacological and ergometric stress tests], liver, abdomen, kidneys, skeleton, bone marrow, infection, tumor scintigraphy, adrenal gland scintigraphy, etc.); illustration of examination protocols; analysis of the scintigraphy; evaluation of the image quality; documentation and archiving; radionuclide therapy and DXA

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are capable of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures professionally and operating medical devices flawlessly based on their knowledge of the equipment's structure and functionality. They can provide patient care before, during, and after a nuclear medicine examination, ensure optimal positioning for the procedure, and provide guidance on post-examination care. In the context of nuclear medicine examinations or treatments, they can establish the relationship between patient positioning, choice of imaging parameters, pathophysiological correlations, and acquired diagnostic data. They are able to identify deviations and, if necessary, optimize the corresponding parameters. Graduates can select, apply, and handle examination and treatment materials appropriately based on the indication and patient needs. They are capable of analyzing imaging or examination results, assessing them according to qualitative guidelines, identifying and correcting errors and their causes, justifying the quality of the results, and, if necessary, suggesting further radiological-technical measures.

Superior module:

Clinical Areas of Application in Nuclear Medicine

Module description:

Upon completion of this module the students can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. They are able to attend to the patient before, during and after the examination, optimally position him/her for the exam, and explain post-exam care/protocols. Within the framework of nuclear medicine examinations or treatments the students are able to understand the correlation between patient positioning, selection of exam parameters, the pathophysiological correlative and the achieved examination data. They can recognize deviations and when necessary optimize the corresponding parameters. They are able to professionally select, prepare and apply materials required for the examination or treatment according to the indications and patient¿s needs. The students can analyze the acquired data and evaluate it in accordance with quality guidelines, recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, debate product quality and when necessary suggest further radiologic-technical measures. The students are able to take the appropriate precautions necessary to ensure keeping radiation exposure as minimal as possible for patients and personnel in conjuncture with all applications of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine. The students have expertise in handling radioactive materials and can conduct measures for decontamination and waste removal. They can carry out the responsibilities of a radiation protection officer in these areas in accordance with the Austrian General Radiation Protection Law (in the applicable edition). They are able to initiate the appropriate measures for a radiation accident in the nuclear medicine department.

Practical Seminar - Nuclear Medicine

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4PSNUE
Type UB
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

In accompaniment with the theoretical material of this module practical exercises are held in small groups. The students familiarize themselves theoretically and practically with the nuclear medicine appliances and the RT responsibilities in the so-called "hot lab". Conducive to an optimized knowledge transfer of the theoretical content into a working understanding of the material, the practice exercises are usually conducted directly in the internship sites. Addressing the relationship between operational theory and professional practice by means of selected practical problems, as well as the importance of radiation protection in nuclear medicine, should guarantee an optimal preparation for the subsequent internship.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are capable of preparing radiopharmaceuticals and applying the necessary quality assurance measures. They are familiar with the examination-relevant parameters of gamma cameras and PET/CT systems and can operate these devices technically. Additionally, they can implement decontamination measures.

Superior module:

Clinical Areas of Application in Nuclear Medicine

Module description:

Upon completion of this module the students can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. They are able to attend to the patient before, during and after the examination, optimally position him/her for the exam, and explain post-exam care/protocols. Within the framework of nuclear medicine examinations or treatments the students are able to understand the correlation between patient positioning, selection of exam parameters, the pathophysiological correlative and the achieved examination data. They can recognize deviations and when necessary optimize the corresponding parameters. They are able to professionally select, prepare and apply materials required for the examination or treatment according to the indications and patient¿s needs. The students can analyze the acquired data and evaluate it in accordance with quality guidelines, recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, debate product quality and when necessary suggest further radiologic-technical measures. The students are able to take the appropriate precautions necessary to ensure keeping radiation exposure as minimal as possible for patients and personnel in conjuncture with all applications of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine. The students have expertise in handling radioactive materials and can conduct measures for decontamination and waste removal. They can carry out the responsibilities of a radiation protection officer in these areas in accordance with the Austrian General Radiation Protection Law (in the applicable edition). They are able to initiate the appropriate measures for a radiation accident in the nuclear medicine department.

Practical Seminar - Radiation Therapy

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4PSTUE
Type UB
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 3
ECTS Credits 3
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Practical demonstrations and exercises on the linear accelerator and the planning software as accompaniment to classwork: Simulator/teletherapy: use of the simulator; image documentation; planning CT; virtual simulation; positioning aids; fixation systems; indexing system; operation of the treatment machines including verification systems (documentation); interpretation and application of treatment protocols; treatment records and the information contained therein; side effect management (skin irritation, blood count, urine checks ,...) of specific tumor types, as well as patient behavior during therapy Brachytherapy: application forms; instruments and applicators; control images and documentation; working with ROKIS Discussion and professional reflection on the practicum, as well as working through open questions to problems that presented during the practical seminar; working through practice cases in treatment planning, particularly 3-dimensional planning with the appropriate software

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are capable of performing planning CT scans and utilizing the necessary fixation systems and indexing system. They are familiar with the application methods of brachytherapy and can produce control images.

Superior module:

Clinical Areas of Application for Radiation Therapy

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are able to create a technical/physical radiation treatment plan in cooperation with doctors and medical physicists, implement radiation treatment concepts, calculate side effects and independently arrange for a medical review before treatment continuation when necessary. They are able to implement treatment plans and medical stipulations at the treatment machines and react appropriately by breakdowns. They can inform patients about the procedures being conducted, implement measures in quality assurance (in cooperation with medical physicists), know the machines and applicators used in brachytherapy, and are able to create the imaging necessary for treatment planning. The students possess an understanding of unique dose escalation procedures like IORT, STX, IMRT. They are able to implement radiation treatment concepts, create treatment plans and conduct therapy accordingly.

Radiation Protection in Radiation Therapy

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4SSSIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Course content according to Annex 18 Section A Z 4 AllgStrSchV 2020 X-ray devices for therapy; other radiation generators for therapy; sealed radioactive sources for therapy; calibration of radiation sources; Radiation exposure of exposed workers, patients and other people; determination of radiation exposure; protective measures for workers, patients and other persons exposed to radiation; quality assurance measures Exercises: protective measures when operating X-ray equipment and other radiation generators for therapy and when working with sealed radioactive sources, checking sealed radioactive sources for leaks, quality checks

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the requirements of the General Radiation Protection Ordinance regarding radiation equipment and irradiation devices for therapy as well as the protective measures for patients and staff during therapeutic applications. They know how to determine the radiation exposure of patients and staff.

Superior module:

Clinical Areas of Application for Radiation Therapy

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are able to create a technical/physical radiation treatment plan in cooperation with doctors and medical physicists, implement radiation treatment concepts, calculate side effects and independently arrange for a medical review before treatment continuation when necessary. They are able to implement treatment plans and medical stipulations at the treatment machines and react appropriately by breakdowns. They can inform patients about the procedures being conducted, implement measures in quality assurance (in cooperation with medical physicists), know the machines and applicators used in brachytherapy, and are able to create the imaging necessary for treatment planning. The students possess an understanding of unique dose escalation procedures like IORT, STX, IMRT. They are able to implement radiation treatment concepts, create treatment plans and conduct therapy accordingly.

Radiation Protection with open Radioactive Materials

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4SSNIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Course content according to Annex 18 Section A Z 3 AllgStrSchV 2020 facilities for activities involving unsealed radioactive materials; Radiation exposure of exposed workers, patients and other people; determination of radiation exposure; protective measures for workers, patients and other persons exposed to radiation; contamination and decontamination measures; legal provisions for the release and discharge of unsealed radioactive sub-stances and for radioactive waste; radiation accidents with external contamination and incorporation, first aid; Whole body measurements and excretion analysis; diagnostic reference values; quality assurance measures Exercises: protective measures for activities involving unsealed radioactive substances, proof of contamination, decontamination, quality checks

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are capable of implementing appropriate precautions in all applications of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine to minimize radiation exposure for patients and staff. They are proficient in handling radioactive materials and can carry out decontamination and disposal procedures. They are qualified to assume the responsibilities of radiation protection officers in these areas in accordance with the General Radiation Protection Regulation (in its current version). Additionally, they can take the necessary actions in the event of radiation incidents in nuclear medicine.

Superior module:

Clinical Areas of Application in Nuclear Medicine

Module description:

Upon completion of this module the students can professionally conduct examination and treatment procedures and are able to use the equipment correctly and efficiently based on their understanding of the construction and operational usage of said machines. They are able to attend to the patient before, during and after the examination, optimally position him/her for the exam, and explain post-exam care/protocols. Within the framework of nuclear medicine examinations or treatments the students are able to understand the correlation between patient positioning, selection of exam parameters, the pathophysiological correlative and the achieved examination data. They can recognize deviations and when necessary optimize the corresponding parameters. They are able to professionally select, prepare and apply materials required for the examination or treatment according to the indications and patient¿s needs. The students can analyze the acquired data and evaluate it in accordance with quality guidelines, recognize and correct mistakes and their causes, debate product quality and when necessary suggest further radiologic-technical measures. The students are able to take the appropriate precautions necessary to ensure keeping radiation exposure as minimal as possible for patients and personnel in conjuncture with all applications of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine. The students have expertise in handling radioactive materials and can conduct measures for decontamination and waste removal. They can carry out the responsibilities of a radiation protection officer in these areas in accordance with the Austrian General Radiation Protection Law (in the applicable edition). They are able to initiate the appropriate measures for a radiation accident in the nuclear medicine department.

Radiation Treatment Planning and Field Adjustment

Semester 4
Academic year 2
Course code RATB4BPFIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 3
ECTS Credits 3.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Development of radiation treatment plans: medical and physical planning; computer-aided planning; simulation/virtual simulation Basic approach to field adjustment; positioning aids; indexing; basics of reproducible positioning; treatment documentation MU calculation/calculation of the treatment time for simple radiation techniques not planned with computer assistance Basic principles and clinical application of various planning and treatment techniques: IMRT, VMAT, IGRT,... Definition of volume and dose in radiooncology (current ICRU guidelines) Clinical target volume (CTV 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree as a function of illness stage and treatment goal) Typical radiation techniques and the achievable dose distribution; treatment plan layers (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th dimensional); application examples to describe the influence of distinct variables on the dose distribution Development of 3 dimensional radiation treatment planning: definition of target volume and risk organs; depiction of radiation and patient geometry (BEV,...); depiction of the dose distribution (isodose, DVH,...); interpretation and evaluation of treatment plans Modification possibilities for dose distribution: wedge filter, weighting, selection of energy,... Application forms, applicators and instruments in brachytherapy; particular techniques: TBI, stereotactic treatment, IORT planning in brachytherapy Quality assurance by the daily field adjustments: principally usage of verification imaging; differentiation systematic and coincidental breakdowns; analysis of typical error sources Problem-oriented consolidation of the expertise acquired in the module Theoretical Fundamentals of Radiation Therapy; Dose definitions and units; dose measurement; calibration of the treatment machines Teletherapy: basic data for treatment planning, calculation algorithms, treatment field modifications Dose distribution in brachytherapy Particular techniques and concepts (for example: whole body radiation, therapy with heavy particles,...)

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are capable of carrying out the physical-technical radiation treatment planning in collaboration with physicians and medical physicists, implementing radiation treatment concepts, assessing side effects, and, if necessary, independently initiating medical supervision before continuing treatment. They are able to execute radiation treatment plans and medical prescriptions on radiation therapy devices and respond appropriately to malfunctions. Graduates can inform patients about the procedures they perform, conduct quality assurance measures (in collaboration with medical physicists), and are familiar with the devices and applicators used in brachytherapy, as well as the imaging required for treatment planning. They have knowledge of dose-escalation techniques such as IORT, STX, and IMRT. Furthermore, they can implement radiation therapy concepts, create treatment plans, and carry out therapy accordingly.

Superior module:

Clinical Areas of Application for Radiation Therapy

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are able to create a technical/physical radiation treatment plan in cooperation with doctors and medical physicists, implement radiation treatment concepts, calculate side effects and independently arrange for a medical review before treatment continuation when necessary. They are able to implement treatment plans and medical stipulations at the treatment machines and react appropriately by breakdowns. They can inform patients about the procedures being conducted, implement measures in quality assurance (in cooperation with medical physicists), know the machines and applicators used in brachytherapy, and are able to create the imaging necessary for treatment planning. The students possess an understanding of unique dose escalation procedures like IORT, STX, IMRT. They are able to implement radiation treatment concepts, create treatment plans and conduct therapy accordingly.

Course titleSWSECTSTYPE

Accompanying Seminar and Bachelor Thesis 1

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5BBASE
Type SE
Kind Bachelor thesis
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 5.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

The students select occupational - specific practically relevant conceptual problems. These are then dealt with and presented in the theory-oriented first bachelor thesis according to scientific criteria and with in-depth literature research. The SALK clinics function as the primary cooperation partners, but external internship placement centers may also be used. This written paper serves as documentation, reflection and discussion of the solution developed by the student. The seminar serves as method and occupational mentoring for the student. Three parallel groups are conducted. The allocation is made according to the occupational field the paper is associated with (diagnostics, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine).

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates know the quality criteria of scientific sources and tools for scientific literature research. They can formulate a research question and know how to write a proposal. They are capable of conducting a literature review based on scientific standards.

Superior module:

Databank Research and Writing Competency

Module description:

Upon completion of this course the students are capable of independently handling research question pertaining to their profession using the scientific method. They can research current scientific findings in national and international areas, relate them to independently formulated scientific questions, as well as utilize scientific findings for their professional development. They understand the fundamentals of qualitative research methods and are able to apply and interpret simple methods on their own.

Internship - Angiography and Elective Internship

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5PA5IT
Type IT
Kind Internship (S)
Language of instruction German
SWS 0
ECTS Credits 16.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Internship - Angiography: Patient positioning, sterile assistance, preparation of the sterile table, materials, checking the laboratory results, patient monitoring, handling the motorized injection system, machine parameters, post-examination care of the patient Elective Internship: Occupational submersion in the chosen department, working autonomously under the professional supervision of colleagues within the framework of the legal occupational definition, working together in multi-professional teams

Learning Outcomes:

Internship - Angiography: Graduates are familiar with the applications and classification of contrast agents, their physical and chemical properties, and the potential side effects of contrast media, as well as the appropriate measures in case of contrast-related incidents. They have knowledge of the most important emergency medications and instruments. They are capable of measuring blood pressure, inserting a Venflon, and preparing infusions. They can operate the power injector and are familiar with the correct use of monitoring devices such as pulse oximeters and ECGs. Graduates are trained in sterile assistance and possess the necessary knowledge to prepare a sterile table. They understand the specifications of angiographic materials and their handling. They can optimize imaging parameters as needed and estimate the required acquisition delay based on the anatomical region. They are capable of professionally applying a pressure bandage and are knowledgeable about post-procedural patient care. Through active participation in sterile and technical tasks, they have gained practical knowledge and skills in angiography, interventional radiology, and cardiac angiography as part of at least 40 procedures.. Elective Internship: Graduates can professionally perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in all subfields and operate the equipment flawlessly based on their knowledge of its structure and functionality. They can position and store patients with clear and precise instructions and assistance, taking into account the indication and special personal needs, and develop alternative, patient-friendly positioning options if necessary. They can inform patients about the examination process and guide them on the necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination, perform it in collaboration with physicians, and document it.

Superior module:

Angiography Internship and Elective Internship

Module description:

Angiography Internship (3 ECTS): The students know the application areas and classification of contrast agents, their physical and chemical properties and know about contrast agent side effects and the necessary measures when an incident occurs. They know the most important emergency medications and instruments. They can measure blood pressure, lay a PVC and prepare an IV line. They can operate a motorized injection system and know the proper handling of monitoring systems, such as a pulse oximeter and an EKG. The graduates are practiced in providing sterile assistance and are able to prepare a sterile table. They know the size references for angiographic materials and their handling. They are able to optimize the imaging parameters according to need and can estimate the necessary imaging delay according to body region. They are able to apply a pressure bandage correctly and understand the necessary patient after-care. Through active participation in sterile and technical areas the students have acquired practical knowledge and skills in angiography, interventional radiology and coronary angiography within the framework of a minimum of 40 examinations. Elective Internship (13,5 ECTS): The graduates are able to professionally conduct examinations and treatments in all subareas and efficiently operate the equipment based on their understanding of the structure and functionality of said machines. They are able to position the patient with clear and precise directions and provide aid with respect to the indication and the patient`s particular needs, as well as develop positioning alternatives to spare the patient. They are able to inform patients about the course of the exam and can instruct them in the necessary preparatory measures, prepare the examination and conduct and document the examination in cooperation with a doctor.

Internship Reflection

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5PRRRC
Type RC
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Information about the occupational fields and the responsibilities of radiology technologists; discussion about the occupationally specific legal principles (legal definition of the occupation, occupational rights and responsibilities, responsibilities in a multi-professional team, professional registration,...); Address the relationship between "theory" (legal restrictions, course content) and the work actually done; the concerns and interests of the students will dictate the main emphasis - possible topics are job description and the application of this role in the internship, typical burdens in health professions and how to handle them (for example: stress, burnout, possibility of clinical supervision,...) Discussion and reflections on practical experiences - particularly during the elective internship; discussion and professional reflection based on concrete case studies from the various internship placements; a critical review of open questions and problems that arose during the internship

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates recognize patient care as an integral part of their future professional responsibilities and understand the significance of their actions in providing comprehensive patient care. They can assess the radiological-technological appropriateness of a prescribed examination or treatment based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications. If necessary, they can consult with the responsible physician regarding any missing medically relevant information. They are capable of conducting informational discussions with patients about upcoming treatments and examinations and can answer related patient inquiries. Graduates understand the responsibilities of other healthcare professions and related fields and can collaborate effectively in multidisciplinary teams. They are aware of the limits of their independent professional practice and can relate them to the corresponding legal regulations. Graduates have completed emergency training and can assess patient symptoms and initiate appropriate measures.

Superior module:

Social Interaction and Reflection on Professional Performance

Module description:

The graduates perceive patient care and support as part of their future occupational task and understand the significance of their job-related actions with regard to comprehensive patient care. They have developed a professional ethical mindset that guides their actions and responses in a medical and societal context. Based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications they are able to understand the radio-technological relevance of the prescribed examination or treatment, and can, when necessary, consult with the responsible doctor regarding missing medically relevant information. They are able to inform patients about their upcoming treatments and examinations and answer any questions the patient might have. For this purpose, it is required to communicate complex technical matters in patient-friendly language. They know the responsibilities of other health professions and are able to work together in a multi-professional team. They understand the limitations by which they can take responsibility for their personal actions and decisions when working, and are able to reference the corresponding legal regulation. The students recognize patients` needs and can adjust their operational methods, and the operational procedures of the department to accommodate them as much as possible. They have dispelled some of their timidity about speaking to patients in difficult situations, and are prepared to seek out contact with such patients. They are able to provide patients with additional information regarding further services in medical, psychological and psychosocial areas. They recognize their own psychological stress, and are able to articulate it and accept help when needed. They have developed an awareness of ethical dilemmas in health care professions.

Introduction to Quality Assurance

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5EQMIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Discourse: quality - quality awareness - quality as a social construct; introduction to the most common quality management models (ISO, EFQM, TQM, etc.) and their critical position regarding feasibility; quality dimensions in health care according to Donabedian; fundamentals of quality management and key criteria of the individual quality dimensions in the health science area Basic principles of project management (PM); term explanation; tools in PM, documents in PM, working in interdisciplinary project groups

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the theoretical foundations of quality assurance and its common tools and can actively apply them within working groups. They understand the fundamental processes in projects and have the competence to independently develop defined work packages.

Superior module:

Quality Assurance and Knowledge Management

Module description:

The participants know the theoretical fundamentals of quality assurance and its established tools and are able to actively apply these within the framework of a project group. They understand the basic structure of projects and possess the skills to individually work through defined job assignments. The graduates understand the significance of the technical quality assurance measures used in radiology technology and are able to appraise the impact of technical quality assurance on optimal patient care. They are also able to evaluate the significance of the quality of their own work for optimal patient care. The students can execute measures for technical quality assurance in the areas radiodiagnostics, radiation therapy and nuclear medicine in accordance with the current legal regulations and standards (partially in cooperation with other occupational groups). The graduates can accommodate the requirements for medical and medical-physical quality assurance and the legal regulations regarding employee protection, radiation protection, environmental protection and hygiene. The students are able to solve occupationally specific problems according to the current state of scientific knowledge and the practical/situational requirements.

Medical English

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5MERIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction English
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Reading and discussion of professionally relevant english texts (e.g. patient information sheets, scientific publications, popular scientific medical articles,..). If necessary, consideration of texts that the students use in connection with their bachelor thesis. Based on the Matura level, exemplary repetition and deepening of selected grammar content. Development and expansion of general and subject-specific vocabulary; Deepening of verbal language skills (expression, pronunciation, vocabulary) as a prerequisite for dealing with foreign-language patients and colleagues.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can communicate with patients in English and inform them about the examination process. They are capable of reading English technical texts.

Superior module:

Competency in the Scientific Method

Module description:

The graduates have mastered the independent conceptual formulation of a problem from their occupational field using the scientific method. They can research current scientific developments in the national and international arenas and connect them to an independently formulated problem. They are also able to utilize scientific advances for their own occupational enhancement. They have an understanding of the fundamentals of qualitative research methods and are able to apply and evaluate simple methods on their own.

Methods in Qualitative Research

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5QLFIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

General introduction to qualitative research methods with emphasis on health and medical sociology; an overview of qualitative methods and research designs; separation from quantitative methods; methodology including references to the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods; discussion of quality criteria (objectivity, reliability, validity) in the context of qualitative research; application possibilities of qualitative research with regards to occupationally relevant questions; in-depth treatment of methods which the students can realistically apply themselves in the course of their bachelor studies (for example: interviews with experts, use of questionnaires within small populations/random sample) including discussions of previously conducted research

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are proficient in independently addressing a task or research question from their professional field using scientific methods. They can research current scientific findings in both national and international contexts, relate them to self-formulated questions, and apply scientific knowledge for professional development. They are familiar with the fundamentals of qualitative research methods and can independently apply and evaluate simple methods. They understand the applications of qualitative research.

Superior module:

Competency in the Scientific Method

Module description:

The graduates have mastered the independent conceptual formulation of a problem from their occupational field using the scientific method. They can research current scientific developments in the national and international arenas and connect them to an independently formulated problem. They are also able to utilize scientific advances for their own occupational enhancement. They have an understanding of the fundamentals of qualitative research methods and are able to apply and evaluate simple methods on their own.

Methods in Quantitative Research

Semester 5
Academic year 3
Course code RATB5QNFIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Descriptive statistics: introduction to the terminology (descriptive statistics, inference statistics, variables, characteristics, continuous, discrete, operationalization,...), statistical measures, distribution, scale levels, forms of graphic representation

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are proficient in independently addressing a task or research question from their professional field using scientific methods. They can research current scientific findings at both national and international levels, relate them to self-formulated questions, and apply scientific knowledge for professional development. They are familiar with the fundamentals of quantitative research methods and can independently apply and evaluate simple methods. They understand the basics of descriptive and analytical statistics and can perform basic statistical analyses using EXCEL.

Superior module:

Competency in the Scientific Method

Module description:

The graduates have mastered the independent conceptual formulation of a problem from their occupational field using the scientific method. They can research current scientific developments in the national and international arenas and connect them to an independently formulated problem. They are also able to utilize scientific advances for their own occupational enhancement. They have an understanding of the fundamentals of qualitative research methods and are able to apply and evaluate simple methods on their own.

Course titleSWSECTSTYPE

Accompanying Seminar and Bachelor Thesis 2

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6BBASE
Type SE
Kind Bachelor thesis
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 8.5
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

More in-depth examination of selected current professionally relevant research hypotheses. The chosen research field should be independently handled using empirical methods. Aspects of the accompanying seminar: guided approach to a scientific hypothesis and its formulation. Connecting it to the relevant chosen internship. Planning, creation and presentation of a scientific paper with regards to content and formal criteria. Supportive reflected mentoring during the implementation of the bachelor thesis. Methodical support for relevant questions to the bachelor thesis. Conclusive presentation to a professional audience

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates have an in-depth understanding (beyond the level possible in the basic modules) of current research-relevant aspects related to at least one professional field of activity. They have conducted independent research on at least one of these aspects, thereby deepening the competencies acquired in the "Introduction to Scientific Work" module and applying them to profession-related research questions. They are capable of understanding and interpreting scientific publications relevant to their profession and critically assessing their findings. This requires an understanding of the research methods underlying these findings. Graduates have developed a solid comprehension of the interconnections between research, development, and professional practice and can apply scientific competencies to solve practical problems and challenges. They are familiar with the quality criteria of scientific sources and tools for academic literature research. They can formulate a research question, understand how to write a research proposal, and are capable of composing an empirical bachelor's thesis according to scientific standards.

Superior module:

Research in the Occupational Field

Module description:

The graduates have a deepened (over the degree possible in the introduction modules) understanding of current occupational research-relevant issues from a minimum of one professional field. They have independently researched at least one of these issues themselves. While doing so, they have deepened their expertise acquired in "Introduction to the Scientific Method", and applied professionally relevant questions in their topic development. They are able to understand, interpret and critically assess job-related scientific publications. This requires an understanding of the underlying research methods. They have developed a commensurate understanding of the connection between research and development and occupational practice, and can utilize scientific findings for the solution of practical problems and tasks.

Bachelor Exam

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6BAPIT
Type BP
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 0
ECTS Credits 2
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Examination Section 1: Questions to the range of topics pertaining to the 2nd Bachelor thesis Questions are posed pertaining to the second Bachelor thesis¿ specialty field and the corresponding range of topics. This exam section is not a thesis defense, and therefore allows general questions to the specialty that have no direct connection to the thesis. Examination Section 2a: Medical Specialty Questions are formulated based on the course content for the selected specialty. * Anatomical and patho-physiological fundamentals of diseases/illnesses with regard to the given specialty area * Description of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures * Image analysis and interpretation (within occupational parameters). Examination Section 2b: Subject-related Practical Knowledge Based on concrete diseases/illnesses, fundamental theoretical knowledge is tested in central areas of their everyday professional life (radiation protection and safety aspects, use of contrast media, procedure description,...). The main focus is placed on the practical application of theoretical knowledge in a work environment.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are able to answer questions about their second Bachelor's thesis and, in addition, about the respective subject area. They have sound medical and practical knowledge in the fields of diagnostics, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. Graduates have shown that they are sufficiently prepared for the demands of everyday working life.

Superior module:

Quality Assurance and Knowledge Management

Module description:

The participants know the theoretical fundamentals of quality assurance and its established tools and are able to actively apply these within the framework of a project group. They understand the basic structure of projects and possess the skills to individually work through defined job assignments. The graduates understand the significance of the technical quality assurance measures used in radiology technology and are able to appraise the impact of technical quality assurance on optimal patient care. They are also able to evaluate the significance of the quality of their own work for optimal patient care. The students can execute measures for technical quality assurance in the areas radiodiagnostics, radiation therapy and nuclear medicine in accordance with the current legal regulations and standards (partially in cooperation with other occupational groups). The graduates can accommodate the requirements for medical and medical-physical quality assurance and the legal regulations regarding employee protection, radiation protection, environmental protection and hygiene. The students are able to solve occupationally specific problems according to the current state of scientific knowledge and the practical/situational requirements.

Communication and Negotiation

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6KGFIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Communication and negotiation in a professional context (interaction with patients, colleagues and members of other occupational groups) based on current models of communication - beginning with the experiences the students have had in their internships; Reflection on interactions; exercises for communication and negotiation; presentation techniques, tips for job interviews including practical exercises, further theoretical input as needed

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with current communication models. They can gather information about patients' medical history and adapt their communication approach to the patients' situation.

Superior module:

Social Interaction and Reflection on Professional Performance

Module description:

The graduates perceive patient care and support as part of their future occupational task and understand the significance of their job-related actions with regard to comprehensive patient care. They have developed a professional ethical mindset that guides their actions and responses in a medical and societal context. Based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications they are able to understand the radio-technological relevance of the prescribed examination or treatment, and can, when necessary, consult with the responsible doctor regarding missing medically relevant information. They are able to inform patients about their upcoming treatments and examinations and answer any questions the patient might have. For this purpose, it is required to communicate complex technical matters in patient-friendly language. They know the responsibilities of other health professions and are able to work together in a multi-professional team. They understand the limitations by which they can take responsibility for their personal actions and decisions when working, and are able to reference the corresponding legal regulation. The students recognize patients` needs and can adjust their operational methods, and the operational procedures of the department to accommodate them as much as possible. They have dispelled some of their timidity about speaking to patients in difficult situations, and are prepared to seek out contact with such patients. They are able to provide patients with additional information regarding further services in medical, psychological and psychosocial areas. They recognize their own psychological stress, and are able to articulate it and accept help when needed. They have developed an awareness of ethical dilemmas in health care professions.

Innovations in Radiology

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6INRVO
Type VO
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

On the basis of the content presented in the occupational courses, current research trends are introduced. This opens up the possibility of integrating the newest research discoveries into the course at any time. Examples of possible focus points: methods and areas of application in interventional radiology, functional imaging procedures, fusion techniques of differing diagnosis modalities, MR-spectroscopy, possibilities and limits of the flat-panel CT, perfusion techniques in MRI and CT, cardiac imaging, dual/multi-energy techniques,...

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with current research trends in radiological diagnostics, image post-processing options, the use of artificial intelligence in medical imaging and the possibilities for reducing patient doses.

Superior module:

Research in the Occupational Field

Module description:

The graduates have a deepened (over the degree possible in the introduction modules) understanding of current occupational research-relevant issues from a minimum of one professional field. They have independently researched at least one of these issues themselves. While doing so, they have deepened their expertise acquired in "Introduction to the Scientific Method", and applied professionally relevant questions in their topic development. They are able to understand, interpret and critically assess job-related scientific publications. This requires an understanding of the underlying research methods. They have developed a commensurate understanding of the connection between research and development and occupational practice, and can utilize scientific findings for the solution of practical problems and tasks.

Interdisciplinary Case Study

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6IFAIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Using case studies, central problems people in health care professions are confronted with are discussed and reflected on in an interdisciplinary group. Didactic target-oriented prepared case studies, internship reports from the students as well as films, texts, etc may all be used as starting points. The following topics are recommendations for possible discussion content, which should be modified according to the interest of the participants and the topicality of the subject for each program year: ¿every day¿ descriptions of cases that present themselves on the job, like pathologies, complaints, symptoms, descriptions of patients, possible diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, confrontation with the finite nature of human existence, questioning the relationship between modern technical high-end medicine and the needs of the patients, recognition of the patient as an autonomous person, problems with own humanity and maintaining a healthy distance to patients, financing the health system and the availability of the health system for everyone, cooperating with other occupational groups

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates will be able to develop a concept for the diagnostic and therapeutic process in an interdisciplinary group based on a case study. They know the current recommendations and can justify their decisions.

Superior module:

Introduction to the Health System

Module description:

The graduates are familiar with the legal basics necessary to the practice of their profession. They have an overview of the health system in Austria, as well as of the intra- and extramural contributions to the health services. They understand the economic value of health and life, the organizational and operational structures of a hospital and possess the basic information to found their own practice, as well as PR insights and methods. The graduates recognize the limits of self-employment and can reference the relevant legal regulations. They can also recognize the responsibilities of other health professions and work together in a multi-professional team. The graduates are able to develop, configure and implement their professional activities, particularly when self-employed, according to organizational and economic principles.

Internship-Accompanying Course

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6PBLIT
Type IT
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Consolidation of practical abilities through individual training in one of the following areas: radiological diagnostics, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy; Independent execution of examinations/ treatments utilizing theoretical models in in accordance with hygiene and radiation protection regulations; emphasis is placed on the application of theoretical knowledge in a clinical setting in real-life situations

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates can independently perform examinations and treatments in the fields of radiological diagnostics, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy on patients. They are familiar with hygiene and radiation protection regulations as well as protective measures. They can inform patients about the examination process.

Superior module:

Social Interaction and Reflection on Professional Performance

Module description:

The graduates perceive patient care and support as part of their future occupational task and understand the significance of their job-related actions with regard to comprehensive patient care. They have developed a professional ethical mindset that guides their actions and responses in a medical and societal context. Based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications they are able to understand the radio-technological relevance of the prescribed examination or treatment, and can, when necessary, consult with the responsible doctor regarding missing medically relevant information. They are able to inform patients about their upcoming treatments and examinations and answer any questions the patient might have. For this purpose, it is required to communicate complex technical matters in patient-friendly language. They know the responsibilities of other health professions and are able to work together in a multi-professional team. They understand the limitations by which they can take responsibility for their personal actions and decisions when working, and are able to reference the corresponding legal regulation. The students recognize patients` needs and can adjust their operational methods, and the operational procedures of the department to accommodate them as much as possible. They have dispelled some of their timidity about speaking to patients in difficult situations, and are prepared to seek out contact with such patients. They are able to provide patients with additional information regarding further services in medical, psychological and psychosocial areas. They recognize their own psychological stress, and are able to articulate it and accept help when needed. They have developed an awareness of ethical dilemmas in health care professions.

Legal Basics for Health Care Professions

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6RGLIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Introduction to public law, private law and damages law. Introduction to criminal law, labor law, unemployment insurance law and social rights. Introduction to social security and pension law, to the health insurance, care and accident insurance law. A particular accent in placed on patient rights, and finally a short introduction to medical law.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the legal foundations necessary for professional practice. They have an overview of the healthcare system in Austria, including both intra- and extramural contributions to healthcare provision. They understand the economic evaluation of health and life, the organizational structures and operational processes of a hospital, and possess fundamental knowledge on establishing an independent practice, as well as insights and methods related to public relations work. Graduates are able to recognize the limits of their independent professional responsibilities and relate them to the corresponding legal regulations. Additionally, they can identify the responsibilities of other healthcare professions and related fields, enabling them to collaborate effectively within a multidisciplinary team.

Superior module:

Introduction to the Health System

Module description:

The graduates are familiar with the legal basics necessary to the practice of their profession. They have an overview of the health system in Austria, as well as of the intra- and extramural contributions to the health services. They understand the economic value of health and life, the organizational and operational structures of a hospital and possess the basic information to found their own practice, as well as PR insights and methods. The graduates recognize the limits of self-employment and can reference the relevant legal regulations. They can also recognize the responsibilities of other health professions and work together in a multi-professional team. The graduates are able to develop, configure and implement their professional activities, particularly when self-employed, according to organizational and economic principles.

Main Features of the Health Care System and Health Care Economy

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6GGGIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Value and definition of health and life, economical aspects of health services, fundamental concepts of epidemiology, conceptual formulation of care: organization of care levels (intra- and extramural), health politics and private/public costs, future issues, international comparisons; prevention, health promotion and public health.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are familiar with the basics of healthcare and health economics. They are aware of the benefits of preventive measures and can assess the appropriate use of various services.

Superior module:

Introduction to the Health System

Module description:

The graduates are familiar with the legal basics necessary to the practice of their profession. They have an overview of the health system in Austria, as well as of the intra- and extramural contributions to the health services. They understand the economic value of health and life, the organizational and operational structures of a hospital and possess the basic information to found their own practice, as well as PR insights and methods. The graduates recognize the limits of self-employment and can reference the relevant legal regulations. They can also recognize the responsibilities of other health professions and work together in a multi-professional team. The graduates are able to develop, configure and implement their professional activities, particularly when self-employed, according to organizational and economic principles.

Occupational-specific Quality Assurance

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6FQSIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2.5
Examination character final

Lecture content:

General Fundamentals: Fundamentals for quality assurance and quality control; legal regulations for quality assurance; quality assurance standards in medicine; other information sources; Responsibilities and allowances in quality assurance; analysis of measurement results; basic principles of radiological imaging procedures; exercises: execution of quality tests and analysis of the results Nuclear medicine applications: Appliances in nuclear medicine; quality assurance standards in nuclear medicine; Acceptance tests, partial acceptance tests and constancy tests;exercises: quality testing an nuclear medicine machines (for example activimeter) X-ray diagnostics: Radiology facilities for diagnostics; standards for quality assurance in x-ray diagnostics; characteristics of quality assurance in x-ray diagnostics; Acceptance tests, partial acceptance tests and constancy tests; exercises: quality tests on direct and indirect imaging appliances Radiation therapy: Radiation facilities and therapy equipment/machines; technical injunctions and standards for quality assurance in radiation therapy; characteristics of quality assurance in radiation therapy; Acceptance tests, partial acceptance tests and constancy tests; exercises: quality tests on radiation therapy machines

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates understand the purpose of the technical quality assurance measures implemented in radiologic technology and can assess the importance of technical quality assurance for optimal patient care. Additionally, they can evaluate the significance of the quality of their individual work in ensuring high-quality patient care. They are capable of carrying out technical quality assurance measures in radiodiagnostics, radiation therapy, and nuclear medicine in accordance with current legal regulations and standards, partially in collaboration with other professional groups. Graduates can meet the requirements of medical and medical-physical quality assurance while complying with legal regulations related to occupational safety, radiation protection, environmental protection, and hygiene. They are equipped to address the tasks within their specific professional field in alignment with current scientific knowledge and practical requirements.

Superior module:

Quality Assurance and Knowledge Management

Module description:

The participants know the theoretical fundamentals of quality assurance and its established tools and are able to actively apply these within the framework of a project group. They understand the basic structure of projects and possess the skills to individually work through defined job assignments. The graduates understand the significance of the technical quality assurance measures used in radiology technology and are able to appraise the impact of technical quality assurance on optimal patient care. They are also able to evaluate the significance of the quality of their own work for optimal patient care. The students can execute measures for technical quality assurance in the areas radiodiagnostics, radiation therapy and nuclear medicine in accordance with the current legal regulations and standards (partially in cooperation with other occupational groups). The graduates can accommodate the requirements for medical and medical-physical quality assurance and the legal regulations regarding employee protection, radiation protection, environmental protection and hygiene. The students are able to solve occupationally specific problems according to the current state of scientific knowledge and the practical/situational requirements.

Psychosocial and Psycho-oncological Patient Care

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6PSPIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 2
ECTS Credits 2
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Based on a short overview of clinical psychology, the following aspects of psycho-oncology with a particular relevancy for the profession are covered: - Communication between patient, family members and the various professions - Interaction with the gravely ill/ interaction with family members - Interaction with death and dying/ mourning - Medical ethics in general and professional ethics pertaining to radiology technology - (Psychological) comorbidity with cancer: depression, anxiety disorders, fatigue, addiction,.. - Coping with illness - Informing the patients in a professionally correct and empathetic manner - Multicultural aspects - Influence of psychological state on the course of disease - general introduction to psychosomatics - Psychotherapeutic methods and approaches - Possibilities and limits of palliative medicine - Rehabilitation after oncological illnesses ¿ psychosocial services for tumor patients - Psychological burdens when working with oncology patients ¿ burnout prophylaxis - Burdens in professional life not associated with patients (stress, team conflicts, mobbing,...) The above listed topics should only provide a framework. The decision which subjects to handle in detail should be made between the students and the lecturers. The topics can also be derived from concrete problems (for example from internship reports the students provide). This should be done without any time constraints; there should be enough room for discussion.

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates recognize patient needs and can adjust their working methods, as well as departmental workflows, accordingly as much as possible. They are aware of the specific communication requirements when interacting with patients, relatives, and various healthcare professionals. They can inform patients about additional support services in the medical, psychological, and psychosocial fields if necessary. Graduates are capable of recognizing and articulating their own psychological strain and are aware of available professional support services. They have an awareness of ethical issues in healthcare professions.

Superior module:

Social Interaction and Reflection on Professional Performance

Module description:

The graduates perceive patient care and support as part of their future occupational task and understand the significance of their job-related actions with regard to comprehensive patient care. They have developed a professional ethical mindset that guides their actions and responses in a medical and societal context. Based on their knowledge of indications and contraindications they are able to understand the radio-technological relevance of the prescribed examination or treatment, and can, when necessary, consult with the responsible doctor regarding missing medically relevant information. They are able to inform patients about their upcoming treatments and examinations and answer any questions the patient might have. For this purpose, it is required to communicate complex technical matters in patient-friendly language. They know the responsibilities of other health professions and are able to work together in a multi-professional team. They understand the limitations by which they can take responsibility for their personal actions and decisions when working, and are able to reference the corresponding legal regulation. The students recognize patients` needs and can adjust their operational methods, and the operational procedures of the department to accommodate them as much as possible. They have dispelled some of their timidity about speaking to patients in difficult situations, and are prepared to seek out contact with such patients. They are able to provide patients with additional information regarding further services in medical, psychological and psychosocial areas. They recognize their own psychological stress, and are able to articulate it and accept help when needed. They have developed an awareness of ethical dilemmas in health care professions.

Self-employment and Fundamentals of Economics

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6FBGIL
Type IL
Kind Compulsory
Language of instruction German
SWS 1
ECTS Credits 1
Examination character final

Lecture content:

Founding a practice, publicity work, introduction to accounting, tax laws, entrepreneurial social security, credit contracts and land registration

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates will be able to develop, design and implement professional activities, especially in the case of freelance work, using organisational and business management principles.

Superior module:

Introduction to the Health System

Module description:

The graduates are familiar with the legal basics necessary to the practice of their profession. They have an overview of the health system in Austria, as well as of the intra- and extramural contributions to the health services. They understand the economic value of health and life, the organizational and operational structures of a hospital and possess the basic information to found their own practice, as well as PR insights and methods. The graduates recognize the limits of self-employment and can reference the relevant legal regulations. They can also recognize the responsibilities of other health professions and work together in a multi-professional team. The graduates are able to develop, configure and implement their professional activities, particularly when self-employed, according to organizational and economic principles.

Specialization Internship

Semester 6
Academic year 3
Course code RATB6PS6IT
Type IT
Kind Internship (S)
Language of instruction German
SWS 0
ECTS Credits 7
Examination character immanent

Lecture content:

Specialization in one of the following areas: radiologic diagnostics, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy in reference to the pre-defined requirements as set forth in the internship-accompanying courses

Learning Outcomes:

Graduates are able to carry out the requested examination/treatment correctly, quickly and independently in compliance with hygiene and radiation protection regulations. Graduates demonstrate practical skills and react professionally to challenging situations in patient care.

Superior module:

Specialization Internship

Module description:

The graduates are able to correctly, quickly and independently execute the prescribed examination/treatment according to hygiene and radiation protection protocols. They exhibit practical decision-making skills and react professionally to challenging situations with patients.

Legend
SemesterSemesters 1, 3, 5: courses held only in winter semester (mid-September to end of January), Semesters 2, 4, 6: courses held only in summer semester (mid-February to end of June)
SWSweekly contact hours over 14 weeks in semester (example SWS 2 equals 28 contact hours for the whole course
ECTS CreditsWork load in ECTS credits, 1 ECTS credit equals an estimated 25 hours of work for the student
TypeBP = Bachelor final exam
DP/MP = Master final exam
IL = Lecture with integrated project work
IT = Individual training/phases
LB = Lab (session)
PS = Pro-seminar
PT = Project
RC = Course with integrated reflective practice
RE = Revision course
SE = Seminar
TU = Tutorial
UB = Practice session/Subject practical sessions
VO = Lecture